ARTICLE V. PRIVILEGES AND DISQUALIFICATIONS

Introductory Note

(a) General Duty to Give Evidence

(b) Interpretation of Privileges

(c) Most Privileges Are Not Self-Executing

(d) Confidentiality Versus Privilege

(e) Impounding Versus Sealing

(f) Examples of Relationships in Which There May Be
a Duty to Treat Information as Confidential Even
Though There Is No Testimonial Privilege

(1) Patient Medical Information

(2) Student Records

(3) Special Needs Student Records

(4) News Sources and Nonpublished Information

(5) Certain Documents, Records, and Reports

(6) Applicability of Federal Law

(g) Production of Presumptively Privileged Records
from Nonparties Prior to Trial in Criminal Cases

(h) Nonevidentiary Privileges

(1) Immunity from Liability (Litigation Privilege)

(2) Legislative Deliberation Privilege

(3) Fair Report Privilege

501. Privileges Recognized Only as Provided

502. Attorney-Client Privilege

(a) Definitions

(b) General Rule of Privilege

(c) Who May Claim the Privilege

(d) Exceptions

(1) Furtherance of Crime or Fraud

(2) Claimants Through Same Deceased Client

(3) Breach of Duty or Obligation

(4) Document Attested by an Attorney

(5) Joint Clients

(6) Public Officer or Agency

503. Psychotherapist-Patient Privilege

(a) Definitions

(b) Privilege

(c) Effect of Exercise of Privilege

(d) Exceptions

(1) Disclosure to Establish Need for Hospitalization
or Imminently Dangerous Activity

(2) Court-Ordered Psychiatric Exam

(3) Patient Raises the Issue of Own Mental
or Emotional Condition as an Element
of Claim or Defense

(4) Party Through Deceased Patient Raises Issue
of Decedent’s Mental or Emotional Condition
as Element of Claim or Defense

(5) Child Custody and Adoption Cases

(6) Claim Against Psychotherapist

(7) Child Abuse or Neglect

(8) Exception

504. Spousal Privilege and Disqualification; Parent-Child Disqualification

(a) Spousal Privilege

(1) General Rule

(2) Who May Claim the Privilege

(3) Exceptions

(b) Spousal Disqualification

(1) General Rule

(2) Exceptions

(c) Parent-Child Disqualification

(1) Definitions

(2) Disqualification

505. Domestic Violence Victims’ Counselor Privilege

(a) Definitions

(1) Abuse

(2) Confidential Communication

(3) Domestic Violence Victims’ Counselor

(4) Domestic Violence Victims’ Program

(5) Victim

(b) Privilege

(c) Exception

506. Sexual Assault Counselor–Victim Privilege

(a) Definitions

(1) Rape Crisis Center

(2) Sexual Assault Counselor

(3) Victim

(4) Confidential Communication

(b) Privilege

(c) Exception

507. Social Worker–Client Privilege

(a) Definitions

(1) Client

(2) Communications

(3) [Reserved]

(4) Social Worker

(b) Privilege

(c) Exceptions

508. Allied Mental Health or Human Services Professional
Privilege

(a) Definitions

(b) Privilege

(c) Waiver

(d) Exception

509. Identity of Informer, Surveillance Location, and Protected Witness Privileges

(a) Identity of Informer

(b) Surveillance Location

(c) Protected Witness

(d) Who May Claim

510. Religious Privilege

(a) Definitions

(b) Privilege

(c) Child Abuse

511. Privilege Against Self-Incrimination

(a) Privilege of Defendant in Criminal Proceeding

(1) Custodial Interrogation

(2) Refusal Evidence

(3) Compelled Examination

(4) At a Hearing or Trial

(b) Privilege of a Witness

(c) Exceptions

(1) Waiver by Defendant’s Testimony

(2) Waiver by Witness’s Testimony

(3) Limitation

(4) Required Records

(5) Immunity

512. Jury Deliberations

513. Medical Peer Review Privilege

(a) Definitions

(b) Privilege

(1) Proceedings, Reports, and Records of Medical
Peer Review Committee

(2) Work Product of Medical Peer Review
Committee

(c) Exceptions

(d) Testimony Before Medical Peer Review Committee

(e) Non–Peer Review Records and Testimony

514. Mediation Privilege

(a) Definition

(b) Privilege Applicable to Mediator Work Product

(c) Privilege Applicable to Parties’ Communications

(d) Privilege Applicable in Labor Disputes

515. Investigatory Privilege

516. Political Voter Disqualification

517. Trade Secrets

518. Executive or Governmental Privilege

519. State and Federal Tax Returns

(a) State Tax Returns

(1) Disclosure by Commissioner of Revenue

(2) Production by Taxpayer

(3) Exceptions

(b) Federal Tax Returns

(1) General Rule

(2) Exceptions

520. Tax Return Preparer

(a) Definition

(b) Privilege

521. Sign Language Interpreter–Client Privilege

(a) Definitions

(1) Client

(2) Qualified Interpreter

(3) Confidential Communication

(b) Privilege

522. Interpreter-Client Privilege

(a) Definitions

(1) Interpreter

(2) Non-English Speaker

(b) Privilege

(c) Scope

523. Waiver of Privilege

(a) Who Can Waive

(b) Conduct Constituting Waiver

(c) Conduct Not Constituting Waiver

524. Privileged Matter Disclosed Erroneously or Without
Opportunity to Claim Privilege

525. Comment upon or Inference from Claim of Privilege

(a) Civil Case

(b) Criminal Case

526. Unemployment Hearing Privilege

(a) Statutory Bar on the Use of Information from Unemployment Hearing

(b) Exceptions

527. Judicial Deliberation Privilege