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Turtle Information and Conservation Tips

Massachusetts has ten native freshwater turtles and tortoises, and seven of these are listed under the Massachusetts Endangered Species Act (MESA). In addition, Massachusetts has one widely distributed, introduced (non-native) species.

MESA Listed Species

Blanding's Turtle Photo by Lori Erb	Diamond-backed Terrapin Photo by MassWildlife	Northern Red-bellied Cooter Photo by MassWildlife


Bog Turtle Photo by Lori Erb	Eastern Box Turtle Photo by Liz Willey	Wood Turtle Photo by Mike Jones

Massachusetts Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises
Species (freshwater turtles and tortoises)	MESA Listing	Federal Listing	Habitat	Geography
N. Red-bellied Cooter (Pseudemys rubriventris)	Endangered	Endangered	Ponds/Streams	Plymouth County, MA
Bog Turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii)	Endangered	Threatened	Fens	Southwestern MA
Diamond-back Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin)	Threatened		Salt Marshes	Coastal areas of MA
Blanding's Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii)	Threatened		Shallow Marshes/Shrub-Swamps /Vernal Pools	Eastern MA, except Cape Cod
Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina)	Species of Special Concern		Woods/Fields/Wetland edges	Throughout, except the northwest corner
Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta)	Species of Special Concern		Rivers/Streams/Fields	Throughout, except Cape Cod and Islands
Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata)			Shrubs-Swamps/Vernal Pools/Wet Meadows/Shallow Marsh	Throughout
Stinkpot (Musk Turtle)(Sternotherus odoratus)			Rivers/Streams/Ponds	Throughout
Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentine)			Most Wetlands	Throughout
Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta)			Most Wetlands	Throughout
Red-eared Slider (Introduced invasive) (Trachemys scripta elegans)			Ponds/Streams	Throughout

1) Why are turtles in trouble?

Adult turtles live a long time, for example Box Turtles are known to live longer than 100 years. However, because turtle eggs and juvenile turtles have so many predators and must face so many other survival difficulties, only a very tiny percentage of turtles ever reach adulthood. Therefore, the survival of adult turtles which have been fortunate enough to surmount these obstacles is very important. For this reason a turtle must live for many years and reproduce many times in order to replace themselves in their population. Losing any adult turtles, and particularly adult females, is a serious problem that can tragically lead to the eventual local extinction of a population.

Most turtles require multiple types of habitats to fulfill all of their survival needs. For example, the Blanding's Turtle overwinter in permanent wetlands, often move to vernal pools to feed, nest in open gravelly upland areas, and move among marshes, shrub swamps and other wetland types throughout the summer. In order to access all of these resources in a season, they will often have to cross roads. Roads are one of the most prominent threats to turtles. The number one threat is habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation due to residential and commercial development. Other threats include collection as pets (both commercial and incidental), disease, increased levels of predation in urban and suburban areas, and succession of nesting and other open habitats.

2) May I collect a wild turtle?

All but three species of turtles in Massachusetts (Eastern Painted Turtle, Stinkpot, and Common Snapping Turtle) are protected and can not be captured and kept. It is still illegal to possess a Spotted Turtle even though it has recently been delisted.

3) May I possess a turtle as a pet?

You may possess any turtles purchased from a pet store (pet stores should not be selling state-listed species). However, these turtles should never be released into the wild; they may harbor diseases that can be transmitted to our native wild turtles.

4) What should I do if I already have a protected species of turtle that came from the wild?

Do not release it into the wild if it has been kept with any other turtles or if it has been in captivity for a long period of time! It could transmit a disease to other wild turtles. In these cases contact the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. Otherwise, individuals returned to the wild should be set free at the same location where they were found. That's where they know where to find food, shelter, and mates.

5) What should I do if I see a turtle on a road?

First and foremost, do not risk getting hurt or causing harm to others by unsafely pulling off the road or trying to dodge traffic. However, if the opportunity to safely move a turtle occurs, move it in the direction it was heading and off the edge of the road. It is trying to get to habitats and resources it needs. Do not take turtles home or move them to a “better location”. See question 8 for directions on how to move a Snapping Turtle. Report rare species to Natural Heritage using the Rare Species Observation Form.

6) Is the turtle lost? Should I move a turtle to a better location?

Turtles that are found on roads, in backyards, and in other unexpected areas are trying to move to other habitat and or to resources they need. Don't take them to a “better place”! Turtles have strong homing instincts, so if you move one to "better" habitat, it is very likely to try to return home and in the process cross many roads. Where you find them is the area that they are familiar with; they know it intimately because they have grown up in the surrounding area. Moving them also increases the risk of spreading disease to other wild turtles and road mortality.

7) What should I do with an injured turtle?

Turtles with minor injuries (e.g. a hurt foot or damage to the outer rim of the shell) should be left where you found them. They are very resilient and will likely heal just fine on their own. When injuries are major (e.g. large open wound), you should contact a local wildlife rehabilitator, veterinarian or wildlife clinic. Always call first to make sure they treat turtles! Not all veterinarians or wildlife rehabilitators will accept turtles. You can obtain a list of licensed rehabilitators and veterinarians that treat injured turtles. If you're not sure if you have a listed species, contact the Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program.

8) What should I do if I have a large snapping turtle in my yard?

The best thing to do is to leave them alone and they will typically move off within a few hours. Your house may have been built in an old nesting area. If you must move a snapping turtle, use a broom and plastic tub (or box) to capture them, by sweeping them into the tub. This is the best method because snapping turtles are fast and have very powerful jaws (can sever fingers).

An alternative method is to pick them up by grabbing the tail and then sliding one hand underneath the turtle to support the body. Lift it like a platter, steering with the tail. A snapping turtle can reach your hands if you lift it by the sides of its shell, but they cannot reach your hand directly under the shell. Do not lift them only by the tail; that can injure their spine.

Once captured take them to the nearest body of water (e.g. vernal pool, pond, stream, etc.). This should not be very far.

9) What else can I do to help turtles?

Report occurrences of state-listed species to Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program using a photograph of the turtle and filling out the Rare Animal Observation Form.
Be more aware of turtles on the roads during May, June, July, and October.
If mowing farmland or fields, restrict mowing times to September 15th through May 15th. This avoids the peak times turtles are found in the fields. If that's not possible, raise the mower blade to a height of 7 inches. For more suggestions see the NHESP Advisory Mowing Guidelines for ways to minimize turtle mortality while mowing fields and shrublands.
Identify turtle habitats in your town.
Ride ATV's only in areas designated for ATV use. ATVs can run over turtles and crush nests. If you see these activities in undesignated areas call the Environmental Police 1-800-632-8075.
Don't leave food outdoors for other animals if you have turtles on your property. This attracts small mammals such as raccoons, fox and skunks, which prey on turtles of all ages.
Educate others about the conservation needs of turtles!

For more information contact: Lori Erb, Turtle Conservation Biologist at (508) 389-6357, lori.erb@state.ma.us