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By Mr. Loscocco of Holliston, petition (accompanied by bill, House, No. 1581) of Paul J. P. Loscocco relative to unlawful video surveillance without consent. The Judiciary. |
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
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PETITION OF:
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In the Year Two Thousand and Seven.
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An Act relative to unlawful video surveillance without consent. . |
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:
Section 1. Notwithstanding any general or specific law to the contrary,
"Unlawfully" means not specifically authorized.
Section 2. The following definitions shall apply to this article:
( a ) "Place and time when a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy"
means a place and time when a reasonable person would believe that he or she
could fully disrobe in privacy.
(
b ) "Imaging device" means any mechanical, digital or electronic
viewing device, camera or any other instrument capable of recording, storing or transmitting visual images that can be utilized to
observe a person.
(
c ) "Sexual or other intimate parts" means the human male or female genitals, pubic area or buttocks, or the female
breast below the top of the nipple, and shall include such part or parts which
are covered only by an undergarment.
(
d ) "Broadcast" means electronically transmitting a visual image with the intent that it be viewed by a person.
(
e ) "Disseminate" means to give, provide, lend, deliver, mail, send, forward, transfer or transmit, electronically or
otherwise to another person.
(
f ) "Publish" means to (i) disseminate, as defined in subdivision
five of this section, with the intent
that such image or images be disseminated to ten or more persons; or (ii)
disseminate with the intent that such images be sold by another person; or
(iii) post, present, display, exhibit, circulate, advertise or allows access,
electronically or otherwise, so as to make an image or images available to the
public; or (iv) disseminate with the intent that an image or images be posted, presented,
displayed, exhibited, circulated, advertised or made accessible, electronically
or otherwise and to make such image or images available to the public.
(
g ) "Sell" means to disseminate to another person, as defined in
subdivision five of this section, or to publish, as defined in subdivision six of this section, in exchange for something of
value.
Section
3. Unlawful surveillance in the second degree. A person is guilty of unlawful surveillance in the second degree when:
(a
) For his or her own, or another person's amusement, entertainment, or profit, or for the purpose of degrading or abusing
a person, he or she intentionally uses or installs, or permits the utilization
or installation of an imaging device to surreptitiously view, broadcast or record
a person dressing or undressing or the sexual or other intimate parts of such
person at a place and time when such person has a reasonable expectation of
privacy, without such person's knowledge or consent.
(
b ) For his or her own, or another person's sexual arousal or sexual gratification, he or she intentionally uses or
installs, or permits the utilization or installation of an imaging device to
surreptitiously view, broadcast or record a person dressing or undressing or
the sexual or other intimate parts of such person at a place and time when such
person has a reasonable expectation of privacy, without such person's knowledge
or consent.
(
c ) (i.) For no legitimate purpose, he or she intentionally uses or installs, or permits the utilization or installation
of an imaging device to surreptitiously view, broadcast or record a person in a
bedroom, changing room, fitting room, restroom, toilet, bathroom, wash-
room, shower or any room assigned to guests or patrons in a motel, hotel or
inn, without such person's knowledge or consent. (ii.) For the purposes of this
subdivision, when a person uses or installs, or permits the utilization or
installation of an imaging device in a bedroom, changing room, fitting room,
restroom, toilet, bathroom, washroom, shower or any room assigned to guests or
patrons in a hotel, motel or inn, there is a rebuttable presumption that such person
did so for no legitimate purpose.
(
d ) Without the knowledge or consent of a person, he or she intentionally uses
or installs, or permits the utilization or installation of an imaging device to surreptitiously view, broadcast
or record, under the clothing being worn by such person, the sexual or other
intimate parts of such person. Unlawful surveillance in the second degree is a class E
felony.
Section
4. Unlawful surveillance in the first degree. A person is guilty of unlawful surveillance in the
first degree when he or she commits the crime of unlawful surveillance in the
second degree and has been previously convicted within the past ten years of
unlawful surveillance in the first or second degree. Unlawful surveillance in
the first degree is a class D felony.
Section
5. Dissemination of an unlawful surveillance image in the second
degree. A person is guilty of dissemination of an unlawful surveillance image in
the second degree when he or she, with knowledge of the unlawful conduct by
which an image or images of the sexual or other intimate parts of another
person or persons were obtained and such unlawful conduct would satisfy the
essential elements of the crime of unlawful surveillance in the first or second
degree, intentionally disseminates such image or images. Dissemination of an
unlawful surveillance image in the second
degree is a class A misdemeanor.
Section
6. Dissemination of an unlawful surveillance image in the first degree. A person is guilty of dissemination of an
unlawful surveillance image in the first degree
when:
(
a ) He or she, with knowledge of the unlawful conduct by which an image or images of the sexual or other intimate parts of
another person or persons were obtained and such unlawful conduct would satisfy
the essential elements of the crime of unlawful surveillance in the first or second
degree, sells or publishes such image or images.
(
b ) Having created a surveillance image in violation of section 250.45 or 250.50 of this
article, or in violation of the law in any other jurisdiction which includes all of the essential elements of either
such crime, or having acted as an accomplice to such crime, or acting as an agent
to the person who committed such crime, he or she intentionally disseminates
such unlawfully created image.
(
c ) He or she commits the crime of dissemination of an unlawful surveillance image in the second degree and has been
previously convicted within the past ten years of dissemination of an unlawful surveillance
image in the first or second degree. Dissemination of an unlawful surveillance
image in the first degree is a class E felony.
Section
7. Additional provisions.
(
a ) The provisions of sections do not apply with respect to any: (i) law
enforcement personnel engaged in the
conduct of their authorized duties; (ii) security system wherein a written
notice is conspicuously posted on the premises stating that a video
surveillance system has been installed for the purpose of security; or (iii)
video surveillance devices installed in such a manner that their presence is
clearly and immediately obvious.
( b ) With respect to sections 250.55
and 250.60 of this article, the provisions of subdivision two of
section 235.15 and subdivisions one and two of section 235.24 of
this chapter shall apply.
§ 4. Paragraph (a) of subdivision 2 of section
168-a of the correction law, as amended by chapter 11 of the laws of 2002, is
amended and a new paragraph (e) is added to read as follows:
(a) (i) a conviction of or a conviction for an
attempt to commit any of the provisions of sections 130.20, 130.25, 130.30, 130.40,
130.45, 130.60, 250.50 and 255.25 or article two hundred
sixty-three of the penal law, or section 135.05, 135.10, 135.20 or 135.25 of
such law relating to kidnapping offenses, provided the victim of such
kidnapping or related offense is less than seventeen years old and the offender
is not the parent of the victim, or sections 230.04, where the person
patronized is in fact less than seventeen years of age, 230.05 or 230.06 or
subdivision two of section 230.30, section 230.32 of the penal law, or (ii) a
conviction of or a conviction for an attempt to commit any of the provisions of
section 235.22 of the penal law, or (iii) a conviction of or a conviction for
an attempt to commit any provisions of the foregoing sections committed or
attempted as a hate crime defined in section 485.05 of the penal law or as a
crime of terrorism defined in section 490.25 of such law; or
(e) a conviction of any of the
provisions of subdivision two, three or four of section 250.45 of the
penal law, unless upon motion by the defendant, the trial court,
having regard to the nature and circum- stances of the crime and
to the history and character of the defendant,
is of the opinion that registration would be unduly harsh and
inappropriate.
§ 5. Paragraph (a) of subdivision 1 of section 168-d of the correction law, as
amended by chapter 11 of the laws of 2002, is amended to read as follows:
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and
(c) of this subdivision, upon conviction of any of the offenses set forth in
subdivision two or three of section one hundred sixty-eight-a of this article
the court shall certify that the person is a sex offender and shall include the
certification in the order of commitment, if any, and judgment of conviction,
except as provided in paragraph (e) of subdivision two of section
one hundred sixty-eight-a of this article. The court shall also advise
the sex offender of his or her duties under this article. Failure to include
the certification in the order of commitment or the judgment of conviction
shall not relieve a sex offender of the obligations imposed by this article.
§ 6. This act shall take effect on the sixtieth day after it shall have become
a law.