Beginners' guide to archery

Learn about archery equipment, safety, gear maintenance, and places to practice.

Archery is a fun and safe activity that builds patience, endurance, and focus. It is a great way to stay active and you can practice both inside or outside. A 2020 study reports that 17.6 million people in the US actively practice archery and 9.9 million bow hunt every year. Whether you want to learn archery for hunting or simply for the challenge of target shooting, you can find resources on this page to help you get started.

Choosing a bow

There are two main types of bows that prospective archers will find when starting out. These are traditional bows and modern compound bows. The price point of both can range from affordable to very expensive. It’s important to note that you don’t need to spend a fortune on equipment to become accurate as an archer. If you’re starting from scratch, an affordable traditional bow with a low draw weight is a good option. With that equipment, you can gauge your interest in archery and begin building the foundation of effective shooting habits. 

Long bows
Long bows embody the image of a bow that most recognize, which has long slightly curved limbs and a simple grip.  The string only touches the limbs at the tip and forms a long shallow “D” shape. These are physically demanding to use if they have a heavy draw weight. 

Recurve bows
Recurve bows consist of a riser and upper and lower limbs that curve away from the archer. The string rests on the belly of that limb curve. A recurve bow delivers more efficient energy than a long bow.

Compound bows
Compound bows are a modern piece of archery equipment that generate energy through pulleys and cams on the end of the limbs. Single or dual cam bows are available.  These mechanical devices store energy when the bow is fully drawn, at 60,70, or even 80% “let off”. “Let off” is the percent reduction of draw weight. This reduction of draw weight allows you to hold the bow at full draw for longer. The kinetic energy generated by a compound bow sends arrows at much faster speeds than traditional bows. These tend to be the choice of most modern archery hunters but are also exciting and fun for recreational archery.

Visit a local shop

When thinking about buying a bow for target shooting or hunting, it is best to visit a local archery shop or outdoor recreation store that sells archery equipment. At these locations, you can get help finding a bow that’s right for you and for the activity you want to pursue. Once you have chosen a bow, you may also decide to pick up other components like a sight, rest, or release. You can also get advice on right arrows that fit your bow and activity. 

Selecting a bow (video)  Selecting arrows (video)  Selecting arrow points or broadheads (video) 

Targets and backstops

There are many types of targets to choose from. Many simple and affordable targets can be effective. Before choosing a target, consider how you will use it. For example, if you plan to practice with broadheads, make sure the target you select is designed for that purpose.

Always practice on a target with a backstop to stop arrows that miss your target. To create a backstop you can set up in front of a sloped hillside, you can build a backstop, or use a combination of both. Get instructions to build your own archery backstop.

Safety and regulations

• When TARGET SHOOTING with archery equipment, you must be 150 feet from any roadway.
• When HUNTING with archery equipment, you then must be 150 feet from a roadway and 500 feet from any dwelling or building in use.
• Shooting damaged equipment can be dangerous. Always inspect your bow, bow string, and arrows before shooting. If there is sign of damage or imperfections, do not shoot and seek help for repairs.
• Practice on a target with a backstop to stop arrows that miss your target. To create a backstop you can set up in front of a sloped hillside, you can build a backstop, or use a combination of both.
• Know your target and what lies beyond it.
• Always keep the bow pointed in a safe direction. When you nock your arrow, keep the bow aimed at the ground until you are ready to shoot.
• If practicing with broadheads, be careful installing the sharp blades. Most broadheads  come with a tool that will help you safely install them.

How to sight in your bow

Tips on how to select the right bow for you. 

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Bow maintenance

• Inspect your archery equipment before every hunt or target practice. This includes the upper and lower limbs, string, sight, and arrows.
• A great way to detect hairline fractures on the limb of a bow is to run a cotton ball across the surfaces. The fine fibers can catch a blemish that would be hard to see.
• Your bow string should be slick and waxy. If your string or cable is starting to fray, you can apply bow string wax to extend its life. At minimum, wax your string and cable at the beginning and end of each archery season. If you’re string is frayed it might be time to visit your local archery shop for repair.
• If your sights are new or you fear they’ve been dropped/damaged, you should re-align your sights. Start close to your target (10 yards) to avoid losing an arrow past the back stop.
• Many modern arrows are made from carbon fiber. These modern materials create a light and stiff arrow capable of higher speeds. Over time, with repeated vibration and impact, the carbon fibers can become damaged and may eventually splinter when shot. Always flex your carbon arrows lightly before shooting— if you see any loose strands of carbon, do not shoot that arrow.