Filing the Single Justice Case
Single justice practice is similar to practice before the superior court. As set forth in Mass.R.Civ.P. 1, practice before the single justice is governed by the Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure and not the more formal Massachusetts Rules of Appellate Procedure. Cases are opened upon the filing of one original petition, application or complaint, together with the requisite filing fee of $315.00 payable to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In the event of indigence, a motion to waive the filing fee and a supporting affidavit of indigence must be filed in lieu of the filing fee. Under no circumstance may a single justice case be opened without either a filing fee or a motion to waive the fee. If the petitioner has been appointed counsel in the lower court, a copy of the Notice of Appearance of Counsel form issued by the lower court should be filed as well.
A petition or application should set forth with specificity the lower court procedural history including the name of the court and justice, the docket number, trial date, or next scheduled trial court event (if applicable), a brief discussion of the order subject to review, the grounds upon which review is necessary and the relief sought. The petition should be accompanied by photocopies of the lower court's docket sheet and relevant papers, including the written findings and rulings if any, together with a memorandum of law in support of the requested relief.
In the event of a request for emergency relief, as often is the case in review of bail determinations and summary process (eviction) orders, the title of the petition should reflect the emergency nature of the petition. A party seeking emergency relief should inform the clerk or an assistant clerk at the earliest possible stage that an emergency petition will be filed. A ruling cannot be obtained from a single justice until papers are actually filed with the court. In limited instances where time is of the essence, a facsimile or a scanned e-mail of the emergency petition will be accepted by the clerk's office so long as the original petition is filed forthwith. The filing party should first telephone the clerk's office to request leave to file the emergency petition by fax or scanned e-mail and to notify the office of the impending emergency petition by fax or scanned e-mail. If the petitioner is indigent, the clerk's office will accept a motion to waive the filing fee by facsimile or scanned e-mail. Otherwise, the clerk's office will open the file after receiving the fax or scanned e-mail but will require the filing fee to be paid as soon as possible.
Service
All pleadings filed in the single justice session may be served by first class mail, hand delivery or, in the case of emergencies, via facsimile or scanned and e-mailed to an assistant clerk. Because many matters before the single justice require speedy disposition, the formal application of the rules regarding service of process is relaxed. The petitioner or plaintiff is not required to serve a summons with the original pleading. However, a certificate of service is required with every pleading. It must set forth the method and date of service and the name and address of each party served. If counsel is served on behalf of a party, the name of the attorney and the particular party represented by the attorney must be included.
If the petitioner or plaintiff chooses to serve an opposing party with a summons, despite the relaxed service requirement, summonses are available through the clerk's office for a nominal fee of $5.00.
Responsive Pleading
There is no strict adherence to Mass.R.Civ.P. 12(a)(1) requiring a party to serve a responsive pleading within twenty days of service. Instead, the clerk and the assistant clerks coordinate a date for filing the response with opposing counsel based on the court's custom, taking into consideration any time constraints imposed by lower court proceedings or the agreed upon date for hearing before the single justice, as well as relevant Standing Orders issued by the Supreme Judicial Court. Responses to applications for interlocutory appeal are required to be filed within fourteen days. If the matter is scheduled for hearing before the single justice, any responsive pleading should be filed at least four to five calendar days prior to the hearing date.
Hearings
According to SJC Rule 2:18, regular sittings of the single justice "shall be on Wednesday, unless the single justice otherwise directs." The court calendar lists Wednesdays as being available for single justice hearings; however, in practice the single justice schedules hearings at any time that is mutually convenient to the parties and the justice, or as dictated by the needs of a particular case. Hearings are held in the Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Courtroom (Courtroom 2, John Adams Courthouse). Hearings are digitally recorded.
The single justice has the discretion to decide any matter on the papers without a hearing. Parties may request a hearing, and the single justice will determine whether a hearing would help in deciding the matter. A joint request for hearing may be filed by the parties with a proposed date for hearing. If a hearing is scheduled by the single justice, a response to the petition is due one week prior to the scheduled hearing. If the joint request for hearing is denied by the single justice, the matter will be decided on the papers.
Where time is of the essence of it is impractical for counsel to travel to Boston, telephone conference call hearings are available to the parties.
Certain matters are not granted a hearing by the single justice. For example, hearings are not held on complaints for corporate dissolution and motions for payment in receivership cases. Unless ordered by a single justice, applications for leave to appeal pursuant to Mass.R.Crim.P. 15(a)(2) are no longer marked for hearing. (See SJC Standing Order entitled, "Applications to a Single Justice Pursuant to Mass.R.Crim.P. 15(a)(2)," effective February 1, 1997, amended effective August 1, 2016.)
Disposition
The single justice is vested with the power to dispose of matters before the county court in a variety of ways. The single justice may:
- decline to act;
- determine the issue presented;
- allow the relief requested;
- allow the relief sought in part and deny it in part;
- deny the relief sought;
- transfer the case to a lower court for determination pursuant to G. L. c. 211, §4A when concurrent jurisdiction exists; or,
- remand the case to the trial court to establish a record or advise the trial court to proceed in a certain manner.
The single justice may also reserve ruling and report the matter to the full court. Matters most often reserved and reported are public utility and board of registration appeals. Novel questions of law may also be grounds for the single justice to reserve and report the matter. See, e.g., Cablevision Systems Corp. v. Department of Telecommunications and Energy, 428 Mass. 436 (1999)(public utility appeal); Krochta v. Commonwealth, 429 Mass. 711 (1999)(defensive collateral estoppel and double jeopardy issues); Veksler v. Board of Registration in Dentistry, 429 Mass. 650 (1999)(board of registration appeal).
Appeal
A party aggrieved by a final judgment of the single justice may appeal therefrom to the full court of the Supreme Judicial Court. See G. L. c. 231, §114. As a general rule, the Massachusetts Rules of Appellate Procedure govern all such appeals. The exception occurs where the single justice denies G. L. c. 211, §3 relief from an interlocutory ruling of the lower court. In this instance, SJC Rule 2:21 governs the appellate procedure. Under Rule 2:21, the petitioner must file a notice of appeal with the clerk within seven days. The record on appeal consists of the papers before the single justice and a memorandum, not to exceed ten pages, which the appellant must file with the clerk for the full court explaining why review of the adverse ruling cannot otherwise by obtained after the entry of final judgment. In most instances, the full court will not reverse an order of the single justice in the absence of an abuse of discretion or clear error of law. Milton v. City of Boston, 427 Mass. 1016, 1016-1017 (1998).The full court will review rulings of law made by the single justice in a bill of equity proceeding de novo. See Gates v. Reilly, 453 Mass. 465-66 (2009).