This page, Massachusetts Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN), is offered by
MassWildlife's Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program
Division of Fisheries and Wildlife

Massachusetts Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN)

Five hundred and seventy species were determined to be Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) in Massachusetts as presented in the 2015 update to the Massachusetts State Wildlife Action Plan (SWAP).

The tables below list all of the SGCN in Massachusetts, with their global rank, federal status, regional SGCN status (RSGCN, for vertebrates, freshwater mussels, tiger beetles, and federally listed invertebrates only; see Section D of State Wildlife Action Plan Chapter 3, for an explanation), MESA status, other concerns and comments (including level of RSGCN concern and responsibility; see Section D of State Wildlife Action Plan Chapter 3), and SWAP Habitats. For an explanation of the SWAP Habitats, see State Wildlife Action Plan Chapter 4. Details on each of these species, including a short description, their distribution and abundance in the state, habitat description, threats, and references, can be found in the online fact sheets (linked from the common names). Up to date state status can be found on the species fact sheets or by viewing the List of Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species.

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Vertebrates

Click on the common name for a fact sheet outlining the description, habitat, threats, life history, etc. for that species.

Fishes

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	Other Concerns/ Comments	SWAP Habitats
Acipenser brevirostrum	Shortnose Sturgeon	G3	LE	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Acipenser oxyrinchus	Atlantic Sturgeon	G3	LE, LT	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Alosa aestivalis	Blueback Herring	G3G4	--	X	NA	--	S3S4	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – high	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Alosa pseudoharengus	Alewife	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3S4	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – high	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Marine & Estuarine Habitats Lakes & Ponds
Alosa sapidissima	American Shad	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3S4	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Anguilla rostrata	American Eel	G4	--	X	NA	--	S3S4	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Marine & Estuarine Habitats Lakes & Ponds
Catostomus catostomus	Longnose Sucker	G5	--	X	NA	SC	S3	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams
Catostomus commersoni	White Sucker	G5	--	--	NA	--	S5	Not everywhere it should be expected; downward trend; issues of connectivity	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Lakes & Ponds
Chrosomus eos	Northern Redbelly Dace	G5	--	--	NA	E	S1		Small Streams
Cottus cognatus	Slimy Sculpin	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high Host to federally and state Endangered Dwarf Wedgemussel	Small Streams
Couesius plumbeus	Lake Chub	G5	--	--	NA	E	S1		Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams
Enneacanthus obesus	Banded Sunfish	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Lakes & Ponds
Erimyzon oblongus	Creek Chubsucker	G5	--	--	NA	--	S4	low population numbers; impacted range-wide	Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Etheostoma fusiforme	Swamp Darter	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Lakes & Ponds
Etheostoma olmstedi	Tessellated Darter	G5	--	--	NA	--	S4	Host to federally and state Endangered Dwarf Wedgemussel	Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Fundulus luciae	Spotfin Killifish	G4	--	X	NA	--	S3	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Salt Marsh Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Gasterosteus aculeatus	Threespine Stickleback	G5	--	--	NA	T	S4	Only the trimorphic freshwater population is listed under MESA and therefore a SGCN.	Lakes & Ponds
Hybognathus regius	Eastern Silvery Minnow	G5	--	X	NA	SC	S2	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – low	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Lethenteron appendix	American Brook Lamprey	G4	--	X	NA	T	S2	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Small Streams
Lota lota	Burbot	G5	--	X	NA	SC	S1	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Luxilus cornutus	Common Shiner	G5	--	--	NA	--	S4		Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Lakes & Ponds
Notropis bifrenatus	Bridle Shiner	G3	--	X	NA	SC	S3	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Lakes & Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams
Petromyzon marinus	Sea Lamprey	G5	--	--	NA	--	S4		Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Rhinichthys atratulus	Blacknose Dace	G5	--	--	NA	--	S5		Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams
Rhinichthys cataractae	Longnose Dace	G5	--	--	NA	--	S5		Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams
Salmo salar	Atlantic Salmon	G5	--	X	NA	--	S1	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Salvelinus fontinalis	Brook Trout	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams
Semotilus atromaculatus	Creek Chub	G5	--	--	NA	--	S4		Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams
Semotilus corporalis	Fallfish	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – low	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams

Amphibians

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	Other Concerns/ Comments	SWAP Habitats
Ambystoma jeffersonianum	Jefferson Salamander	G4	--	X (as a complex)	NA	SC	S2S3	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Vernal Pools
Ambystoma laterale	Blue-Spotted Salamander	G5	--	X (as a complex)	NA	SC	S3	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Vernal Pools
Ambystoma opacum	Marbled Salamander	G5	--	X	NA	T	S2S3	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Vernal Pools
Lithobates pipiens	Northern Leopard Frog	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3S4	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Lakes & Ponds Small Streams Peatlands Marshes & Wet Meadows
Scaphiopus holbrookii	Eastern Spadefoot	G5	--	X	NA	T	S2	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Vernal Pools

Reptiles

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	Other Concerns/ Comments	SWAP Habitats
Agkistrodon contortrix	Copperhead	G5	--	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Caretta caretta	Loggerhead Sea Turtle	G3	--	X	NA	T	S1N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Carphophis amoenus	Eastern Wormsnake	G5	--	--	NA	T	S1S2		Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Chelonia mydas	Green Sea Turtle	G3	LE, LT	X	NA	T	S1N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Clemmys guttata	Spotted Turtle	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Vernal Pools Shrub Swamps Forested Swamps Large Unfragmented Landscape Mosaics
Coluber constrictor	North American Racer	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4S5	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – high	Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Young Forest & Shrublands Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Crotalus horridus	Timber Rattlesnake	G4	--	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Dermochelys coriacea	Leatherback Sea Turtle	G2	LE	X	NA	E	S1S2N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Emydoidea blandingii	Blanding’s Turtle	G4	--	X	NA	T	S2	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Vernal Pools Shrub Swamps Large Unfragmented Landscape Mosaics
Eretmochelys imbricata	Hawksbill Sea Turtle	G3	LE	X	NA	E	S1N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Glyptemys insculpta	Wood Turtle	G3	--	X	NA	SC	S3	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams Riparian Forest
Glyptemys muhlenbergii	Bog Turtle	G3	LT, SAT	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Shrub Swamps Marshes & Wet Meadows
Heterodon platirhinos	Eastern Hog-nosed Snake	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Grasslands Young Forests & Shrublands
Lepidochelys kempii	Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle	G1	LE	X	NA	E	S1N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Malaclemys terrapin	Northern Diamond-backed Terrapin	G4	--	X	NA	T	S2	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Salt Marsh Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Opheodrys vernalis	Smooth Greensnake	G5	--	X	NA	--	S5	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high Synonym: Liochlorophis vernalis	Grasslands Marshes & Wet Meadows Young Forests & Shrublands
Pantherophis alleghaniensis	Eastern Ratsnake	G5	--	--	NA	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Young Forests & Shrublands Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Pseudemys rubriventris	Northern Red-Bellied Cooter	G5T2Q	LE	X	NA	E	S2	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – high	Lakes & Ponds Coastal Plain Ponds
Terrapene carolina	Eastern Box Turtle	G5	--	X	NA	SC	S3	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Thamnophis sauritus	Eastern Ribbonsnake	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4S5	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Lakes & Ponds Small Streams Peatlands Forested Swamps Marshes & Wet Meadows

Birds

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	Other Concerns/ Comments	SWAP Habitats
Accipiter gentilis	Northern Goshawk	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 16 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed local and likely declining	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Ammodramus caudacutus	Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow	G4	--	X	NA	--	S3B	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high PIF Watch List Species	Salt Marsh
Ammodramus maritimus	Seaside Sparrow	G4	--	X	NA	--	S2B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high PIF Watch List Species	Salt Marsh
Ammodramus savannarum	Grasshopper Sparrow	G5	--	X	NA	T	S3B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Grasslands
Anas discors	Blue-winged Teal	G5	--	--	NA	--	S2B, S5M		Lakes & Ponds Marshes & Wet Meadows
Anas rubripes	American Black Duck	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4B, S5N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marine & Estuarine Habitats Shrub Swamps Forested Swamps Lakes & Ponds Salt Marsh Marshes & Wet Meadows
Antrostomus vociferus	Eastern Whip-poor-will	G5	--	X	NA	SC	S2S3, S3N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Young Forests & Shrublands
Ardea alba	Great Egret	G5	--	--	NA	--	S2B, S4N	Increasing in numbers, but still only a few breeding colonies	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Salt Marsh
Arenaria interpres	Ruddy Turnstone	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Asio flammeus	Short-eared Owl	G5	--	X	NA	E	S1B, S3N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Grasslands Salt Marsh
Asio otus	Long-eared Owl	G5	--	X	NA	SC	S1B, S2N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Grasslands Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Bartramia longicauda	Upland Sandpiper	G5	--	X	NA	E	S1B, S1N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Grasslands
Bonasa umbellus	Ruffed Grouse	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Young Forests & Shrublands
Botaurus lentiginosus	American Bittern	G4	--	X	NA	E	S2B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Waterbird Plan	Marshes & Wet Meadows Peatlands
Buteo platypterus	Broad-winged Hawk	G5	--	X	NA	--	S5B, S5N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Shrub Swamps Forested Swamps
Calidris alba	Sanderling	G5	--	X	NA	--	S5N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Calidris canutus	Red Knot	G4	LT	X	NA	T	S2N	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Shorebird Plan	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Calidris maritima	Purple Sandpiper	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Rocky Coastlines
Calidris pusilla	Semi-palmated Sandpiper	G5	--	X	NA	--	S5N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Calonectris diomedea	Cory's Shearwater	G5	--	--	NA	--	S3N		Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Cardellina canadensis	Canada Warbler	G5	--	X	NA	--	S5B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Synonym: Wilsonia canadensis MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 116 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed local and strongly declining	Forested Swamps Riparian Forest
Chaetura pelagica	Chimney Swift	G5	--	X	NA	--	S5B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high MA Breeding Bird Atlas says very widespread and stable, but Breeding Bird Survey data say it is decreasing, both regionally and in MA	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Young Forest & Shrublands Grasslands
Charadrius melodus	Piping Plover	G3	LE, LT	X	NA	T	S2B	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Shorebird Plan	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Chordeiles minor	Common Nighthawk	G5	--	X	NA	--	S2B, S5M	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 34 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed very local and strongly declining	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Circus hudsonius formerly Circus cyaneus	Northern Harrier	G5	--	X	NA	T	S2B, S4N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marshes & Wet Meadows Grasslands Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Cistothorus palustris	Marsh Wren	G5	--	X	NA	--	S2S3B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Marshes & Wet Meadows
Cistothorus platensis	Sedge Wren	G5	--	X	NA	E	S1B, S1N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marshes & Wet Meadows
Clangula hyemalis	Long-tailed Duck	G5	--	--	NA	--	S5N		Marine & Estuarine Habitats Rocky Coastlines
Coccyzus erythropthalmus	Black-billed Cuckoo	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4B, S4N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 71 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed somewhat local and likely declining	Young Forests & Shrublands
Colinus virginianus	Northern Bobwhite	G5	--	X	NA	--	S2	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 224 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed local and strongly declining	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Grasslands Young Forests & Shrublands
Contopus cooperi	Olive-sided Flycatcher	G4	--	X	NA	--	SHB, S2N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 8 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed very local and strongly declining	Peatlands
Dolichonyx oryzivorus	Bobolink	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3S4B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high MA Breeding Bird Atlas says fairly widespread and likely increasing, but Breeding Bird Survey data say it is declining regionally	Grasslands
Egretta thula	Snowy Egret	G5	--	X	NA	--	S2B, S4N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Waterbird Plan Only a few breeding colonies	Salt Marsh Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Eremophila alpestris	Horned Lark	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3B, S4N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 35 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed local and strongly declining	Grasslands Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Euphagus carolinus	Rusty Blackbird	G4	--	X	NA	--	S1?B, S3N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high PIF Watch List Species	Forested Swamps
Falco peregrinus	Peregrine Falcon	G4	--	X	NA	T	S2B, S3N	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Falco sparverius	American Kestrel	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 289 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed somewhat local and strongly declining	Grasslands Young Forests & Shrublands
Fratercula arctica	Atlantic Puffin	G5	--	--	NA	--	S2N		Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Gallinago delicata	Wilson’s Snipe	G5	--	X	NA	--	S1S2B, S4N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high BBS NE/MATL (NA); MA (8.9,10.9); MA Breeding Bird Atlas says local and likely increasing; also increasing on MA Breeding Bird Survey routes, but habitat is still very limited	Marshes & Wet Meadows
Gallinula galeata	Common Gallinule	G5	--	X	NA	SC	S1B, S1N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Marshes & Wet Meadows
Gavia immer	Common Loon	G5	--	X	NA	SC	S2B, S5N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Waterbird Plan	Lakes & Ponds
Gavia stellata	Red-throated Loon	G5	--	--	NA	--	S4N	Highest priority Waterbird Plan	Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Geothlypis philadelphia	Mourning Warbler	G5	--	--	NA	SC	S2B, S2N		Young Forests & Shrublands
Haematopus palliatus	American Oystercatcher	G5	--	X	NA	--	S2B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Shorebird Plan	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Haemorhous purpureus	Purple Finch	G5	--	--	NA	--	S4	MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 227 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed fairly widespread and strongly declining	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Haliaeetus leucocephalus	Bald Eagle	G5	--	--	NA	T	S2B, S3N		Lakes & Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Histrionicus histrionicus	Harlequin Duck	G4	--	X	NA	--	S2N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Rocky Coastlines
Hylocichla mustelina	Wood Thrush	G5	--	X	NA	--	S5B	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high PIF Watch List Species MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 30 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed very widespread and likely declining	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Ixobrychus exilis	Least Bittern	G5	--	X	NA	E	S1S2B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Waterbird Plan	Marshes & Wet Meadows
Larus argentatus	Herring Gull	G5	--	--	NA	--	S3S4B, S5N	Only a few breeding colonies	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats Salt Marsh
Larus atricilla	Laughing Gull	G5	--	--	NA	--	S2B		Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats Salt Marsh
Larus marinus	Great Black-backed Gull	G5	--	--	NA	--	S3S4B, S5N	Only a few breeding colonies	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats Salt Marsh
Limnodromus griseus	Short-billed Dowitcher	G5	--	--	NA	--	S4N		Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Mniotilta varia	Black-and-white Warbler	G5	--	X	NA	--	S5B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 52 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed very widespread and likely declining	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest
Morus bassanus	Northern Gannet	G5	--	--	NA	--	S5N		Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Numenius borealis	Eskimo Curlew	GH	--	--	NA	--	SX	Highest priority Shorebird Plan	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Numenius phaeopus	Whimbrel	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Shorebird Plan	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Nycticorax nycticorax	Black-crowned Night-Heron	G5	--	X	NA	--	S2B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Waterbird Plan Only a few breeding colonies	Salt Marsh Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Oceanodroma leucorhoa	Leach’s Storm-Petrel	G5	--	--	NA	E	S1B, S4N		Marine & Estuarine Habitats Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Oreothlypis ruficapilla	Nashville Warbler	G5	--	--	NA	--	S4B		Young Forests & Shrublands
Parkesia motacilla	Louisiana Waterthrush	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high PIF Stewardship Species Synonym: Seiurus motacilla	Small Streams Riparian Forest
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota	Cliff Swallow	G5	--	--	NA	--	S2B	MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 64 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed local and strongly declining	Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Phalacrocorax auritus	Double-crested Cormorant	G5	--	--	NA	--	S3B, S5N	Only a few breeding colonies	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats Lakes & Ponds
Phalaropus fulicarius	Red Phalarope	G5	--	--	NA	--	S4N		Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Phalaropus lobatus	Red-necked Phalarope	G4G5	--	--	NA	--	S4N		Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Pipilo erythrophthalmus	Eastern Towhee	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high PIF Stewardship Species MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 30 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed nearly ubiquitous and likely declining	Young Forests & Shrublands Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Piranga olivacea	Scarlet Tanager	G5	--	X	NA	--	S5B	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – high	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Plegadis falcinellus	Glossy Ibis	G5	--	--	NA	--	S2B	Highest priority Waterbird Plan	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Salt Marsh
Podilymbus podiceps	Pied-billed Grebe	G5	--	X	NA	E	S1B, S4N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Waterbird Plan	Marshes & Wet Meadows Lakes & Ponds
Pooecetes gramineus	Vesper Sparrow	G5	--	X	NA	T	S1S2B, S3N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Grasslands Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Porzana carolina	Sora	G5	--	X	NA	--	S2S3B, S4N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marshes & Wet Meadows
Progne subis	Purple Martin	G5	--	--	NA	--	S1B	MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 14 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed very local and strongly declining	Grasslands Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Puffinus griseus	Sooty Shearwater	G5	--	--	NA	--	S5N		Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Puffinus puffinus	Manx Shearwater	G5	--	--	NA	--	SXB, S3S4N		Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Rallus elegans	King Rail	G4	--	X	NA	T	S1B, S1N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Waterbird Plan	Marshes & Wet Meadows
Riparia riparia	Bank Swallow	G5	--	X	NA	--	S5B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 57 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed somewhat local and strongly declining	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Scolopax minor	American Woodcock	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4B, S4N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Shorebird Plan	Grasslands Young Forests & Shrublands Shrub Swamps
Setophaga americana	Northern Parula	G5	--	X	NA	T	S1B, S4M	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Forested Swamps Riparian Forest
Setophaga cerulea	Cerulean Warbler	G4	--	X	NA	--	S1B, S2M	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high PIF Watch List Species	Riparian Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Setophaga discolor	Prairie Warbler	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3S4B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high PIF Watch List Species Synonym: Dendroica discolor	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Young Forests & Shrublands
Setophaga pensylvanica	Chestnut-sided Warbler	G5	--	--	NA	--	S5B	MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 31 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed widespread and likely declining	Young Forests & Shrublands
Setophaga striata	Blackpoll Warbler	G5	--	--	NA	SC	S1B, S5M		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest
Somateria mollissima	Common Eider	G5	--	X	NA	--	S2B, S5N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Marine & Estuarine Habitats Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Rocky Coastlines
Spizella pusilla	Field Sparrow	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3S4	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 69 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed widespread and likely declining	Young Forests & Shrublands
Sterna dougallii	Roseate Tern	G4T3	LE	X	NA	E	S2B, S3N	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Waterbird Plan	Salt Marsh Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Sterna hirundo	Common Tern	G5	--	X	NA	SC	S3B, S4N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Waterbird Plan	Salt Marsh Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Sterna paradisaea	Arctic Tern	G5	--	X	NA	SC	S1B, S1S2N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Waterbird Plan	Salt Marsh Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Sternula antillarum	Least Tern	G4	--	X	NA	SC	S2B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high Highest priority Waterbird Plan	Salt Marsh Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Sturnella magna	Eastern Meadowlark	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3S4B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 316 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed local and strongly declining	Grasslands Salt Marsh
Toxostoma rufum	Brown Thrasher	G5	--		NA	--	S4	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high PIF Stewardship Species MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 265 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed fairly widespread and strongly declining	Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Young Forests & Shrublands
Tringa semipalmata	Willet	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3B, S3N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high MA Breeding Bird Atlas deems it local and strongly increasing	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Salt Marsh
Tyto alba	Barn Owl	G5	--	X	NA	SC	S2B, S2N	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Grasslands Salt Marsh
Vermivora chrysoptera	Golden-winged Warbler	G4	--	X	NA	E	S1B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high PIF Watch List Species	Young Forests & Shrublands
Vermivora cyanoptera	Blue-winged Warbler	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3S4B	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high PIF Watch List Species	Young Forests & Shrublands
Zonotrichia albicollis	White-throated Sparrow	G5	--	--	NA	--	S5	PIF Stewardship Species MA Breeding Bird Atlas: down 182 blocks since 1974-1979, deemed local and strongly declining	Young Forests & Shrublands Peatlands Forested Swamps

Mammals

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	Other Concerns/ Comments	SWAP Habitats
Alces americanus	Moose	G5	--	--	NA	--	S4		Large Unfragmented Landscape Mosaics Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Balaenoptera borealis	Sei Whale	G3	LE	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Balaenoptera musculus	Blue Whale	G3G4	LE	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Balaenoptera physalus	Fin Whale	G3G4	LE	X	NA	E	S2	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Eptesicus fuscus	Big Brown Bat	G5	--	X	NA	--	S5	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Springs, Caves & Mines
Eubalaena glacialis	Northern Atlantic Right Whale	G1	LE	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Glaucomys sabrinus	Northern Flying Squirrel	G5	--	--	NA	--	S2?	Steep decline in past 40 years; associated with boreal forests	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest
Lasionycteris noctivagans	Silver-haired Bat	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3M	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Lasiurus borealis	Eastern Red Bat	G5	--	X	NA	--	S3M	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Lasiurus cinereus	Hoary Bat	G5	--	X	NA	--	S2B	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Lynx rufus	Bobcat	G5	--	X	NA	--	S4	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Large Unfragmented Landscape Mosaics Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Megaptera novaeangliae	Humpback Whale	G4	LE	X	NA	E	S2	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Myotis leibii	Eastern Small-footed Bat formerly Small-footed Myotis	G1G3	--	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Springs, Caves & Mines
Myotis lucifugus	Little Brown Bat formerly Little Brown Myotis	G3	--	X	NA	E	S5	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Springs, Caves & Mines
Myotis septentrionalis	Northern Long-eared Bat	G2G3	LT	X	NA	E	S4	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Springs, Caves & Mines
Myotis sodalis	Indiana Bat formerly Indiana Myotis	G2	LE	X	NA	E	SH	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Springs, Caves & Mines
Perimyotis subflavus	Tricolored Bat	G3	--	X	NA	E	S3	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Springs, Caves & Mines
Physeter macrocephalus	Sperm Whale	G3G4	LE	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Marine & Estuarine Habitats
Sorex dispar	Rock Shrew	G4	--	X	NA	SC	S3	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Sorex palustris	Water Shrew	G5	--	X	NA	SC	S3	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – high	Vernal Pools Lakes & Ponds Forested Swamps
Sylvilagus transitionalis	New England Cottontail	G3	--	X	NA	--	S2	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Young Forests & Shrublands Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Forested Swamp Shrub Swamp
Synaptomys cooperi	Southern Bog Lemming	G5	--	X	NA	SC	S2	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – very high	Peatlands Grasslands Young Forests & Shrublands
Ursus americanus	Black Bear	G5	--	--	NA	--	S4		Large Unfragmented Landscape Mosaics Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest

Invertebrates

Click on the common name for a fact sheet outlining the description, habitat, threats, life history, etc. for that species.

Sponges

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	Other Concerns/ Comments	SWAP Habitats
Spongilla aspinosa	Smooth Branched Sponge	G2G3	--	NA	NA	SC	S2?		Lakes & Ponds

Flatworms

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	Other Concerns/ Comments	SWAP Habitats
Seidlia remota	Sunderland Spring Planarian	G1	--	NA	NA	SC	SH	Proposed to go from E to SC. This name will be proposed; current name is Polycelis remota	Springs, Caves & Mines

Scientific Name

Common Name

Globally Rare

Federal List

RSGCN

NEPCoP

MESA

State Rank

Other Concerns/
Comments

SWAP Habitats

Seidlia remota

Sunderland Spring Planarian

Proposed to go from E to SC.

This name will be proposed;

current name is Polycelis remota

Springs, Caves & Mines

Segmented Worms

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	Other Concerns/ Comments	SWAP Habitats
Macrobdella sestertia	New England Medicinal Leech	G2	--	NA	NA	SC	SH		Lakes & Ponds

Snails

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	SWAP Habitats
Floridobia winkleyi	New England Siltsnail	G3	--	NA	NA	SC	S1	Salt Marsh
Littoridinops tenuipes	Henscomb Hydrobe formerly Coastal Marsh Snail	G5	--	NA	NA	SC	S1	Salt Marsh
Marstonia lustrica	Boreal Marstonia	G5	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Lakes & Ponds
Pomatiopsis lapidaria	Slender Walker	G5	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Small Streams Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Valvata sincera	Mossy Valvata formerly Boreal Turret Snail	G5	--	NA	NA	E	SH	Lakes & Ponds

Freshwater Mussels

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	Other Concerns/ Comments	SWAP Habitats
Alasmidonta heterodon	Dwarf Wedgemussel	G1G2	LE	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Alasmidonta undulata	Triangle Floater	G4	--	X	NA	--	S3	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – high	Lakes & Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Coastal Plain Ponds
Alasmidonta varicosa	Brook Floater	G3	--	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Anodonta implicata	Alewife Floater	G5	--	X	NA	--	SU	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – high	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams Lakes & Ponds Coastal Plain Ponds
Lampsilis cariosa	Yellow Lampmussel	G3G4	--	X	NA	E	S1S2	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems
Lampsilis radiata	Eastern Lampmussel	G5	--	--	NA	--	S4	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – moderate	Connecticut and Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams Lakes & Ponds Coastal Plain Ponds
Leptodea ochracea	Tidewater Mucket	G3G4	--	X	NA	SC	S2	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Lakes & Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Coastal Plain Ponds
Ligumia nasuta	Eastern Pondmussel	G4	--	X	NA	SC	S3	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Lakes & Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Coastal Plain Ponds
Margaritifera margaritifera	Eastern Pearlshell	G4	--	X	NA	--	SU	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams
Strophitus undulatus	Creeper	G5	--	--	NA	SC	S3		Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems

Crustaceans

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	SWAP Habitats
Cambarus bartonii	Appalachian Brook Crayfish	G5	--	NA	NA	--	S2	Small Streams
Eubranchipus intricatus	Intricate Fairy Shrimp	G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S1	Vernal Pools
Eulimnadia agassizii	Agassiz’s Clam Shrimp	G1G2	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Vernal Pools
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus	Northern Spring Amphipod	G5	--	NA	NA	SC	S2	Springs, Caves & Mines
Limnadia lenticularis	American Clam Shrimp	G4G5	--	NA	NA	SC	S1	Vernal Pools
Stygobromus borealis	Taconic Cave Amphipod	G2G3	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Springs, Caves & Mines
Stygobromus tenuis	Piedmont Groundwater Amphipod	G4T4	--	NA	NA	SC	S1	Springs, Caves & Mines
Synurella chamberlaini	Coastal Swamp Amphipod	GNR	--	NA	NA	SC	S1	Forested Swamps

Dragonflies

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	SWAP Habitats
Aeshna subarctica	Subarctic Darner	G5	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Peatlands
Anax longipes	Comet Darner	G5	--	NA	NA	--	S2S3	Coastal Plain Ponds Lakes & Ponds
Boyeria grafiana	Ocellated Darner	G5	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Small Streams Riparian Forest
Hylogomphus abbreviatus formerly Gomphus abbreviatus	Spine-crowned Clubtail	G3G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S3	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Riparian Forest
Phanogomphus descriptus formerly Gomphus descriptus	Harpoon Clubtail	G4	--	NA	NA	E	S2	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Riparian Forest
Gomphurus fraternus formerly Gomphus fraternus	Midland Clubtail	G5	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Riparian Forest
Phanogomphus quadricolor formerly Gomphus quadricolor	Rapids Clubtail	G3G4	--	NA	NA	E	S2	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Riparian Forest
Gomphus vastus	Cobra Clubtail	G5	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Riparian Forest
Gomphurus ventricosus formerly Gomphus ventricosus	Skillet Clubtail	G3	--	NA	NA	T	S2	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Riparian Forest
Neurocordulia obsoleta	Umber Shadowdragon	G5	--	NA	NA	SC	S3	Lakes & Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Riparian Forest
Neurocordulia yamaskanensis	Stygian Shadowdragon	G5	--	NA	NA	SC	S3	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Riparian Forest
Ophiogomphus aspersus	Brook Snaketail	G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S3	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Riparian Forest
Ophiogomphus carolus	Riffle Snaketail	G5	--	NA	NA	T	S2S3	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Riparian Forest
Rhionaeschna mutata	Spatterdock Darner	G4	--	NA	NA	--	S3	Vernal Pools Lakes & Ponds Coastal Plain Ponds
Somatochlora elongata	Ski-tipped Emerald	G5	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Small Streams Riparian Forest
Somatochlora forcipata	Forcipate Emerald	G5	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Small Streams Riparian Forest Peatlands
Somatochlora georgiana	Coppery Emerald	G3G4	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Small Streams Riparian Forest Peatlands
Somatochlora incurvata	Incurvate Emerald	G4	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Peatlands
Somatochlora kennedyi	Kennedy’s Emerald	G5	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Small Streams Riparian Forest Peatlands
Somatochlora linearis	Mocha Emerald	G5	--	NA	NA	SC	S2	Small Streams Riparian Forest
Stylurus amnicola	Riverine Clubtail	G4	--	NA	NA	E	S2	Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Riparian Forest
Williamsonia fletcheri	Ebony Boghaunter	G4	--	NA	NA	E	S1S2	Peatlands
Williamsonia lintneri	Ringed Boghaunter	G3	--	NA	NA	T	S2S3	Peatlands

Damselflies

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	SWAP Habitats
Enallagma carunculatum	Tule Bluet	G5	--	NA	NA	SC	S2	Lakes & Ponds
Enallagma daeckii	Attenuated Bluet	G4	--	NA	NA	T	S1	Lakes & Ponds
Enallagma pictum	Scarlet Bluet	G3	--	NA	NA	T	S2	Coastal Plain Ponds Lakes & Ponds
Enallagma recurvatum	Pine Barrens Bluet	G3	--	NA	NA	T	S2S3	Coastal Plain Ponds Lakes & Ponds

Beetles (Coleoptera)

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	Other Concerns/ Comments	SWAP Habitats
Cicindela dorsalis	Northeastern Beach Tiger Beetle	G3G4T2	LT	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Cicindela duodecimguttata	Twelve-Spotted Tiger Beetle	G5	--	--	NA	SC	S2S3		Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Cicindela limbalis	Claybank Tiger Beetle	G5	--	--	NA	SC	S1		Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Cicindela marginipennis	Cobblestone Tiger Beetle	G2	--	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – high	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems
Cicindela patruela	Barrens Tiger Beetle	G3	--	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – low RSGCN concern – high	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Cicindela puritana	Puritan Tiger Beetle	G1G2	LT	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems
Cicindela purpurea	Purple Tiger Beetle	G5	--	--	NA	SC	S2S3		Grasslands
Cicindela rufiventris hentzii	Hentz’s Red-bellied Tiger Beetle	G5T2	--	X	NA	T	S2	RSGCN responsibility – high RSGCN concern – very high	Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Nicrophorus americanus	American Burying Beetle	G2G3	LE	X	NA	E	S1	RSGCN responsibility – not determined RSGCN concern – not determined	Grasslands Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest

Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera)

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	SWAP Habitats
Abagrotis benjamini formerly Abagrotis nefascia	Coastal Heathland Cutworm	G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S3	Grasslands Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Acronicta albarufa	Barrens Dagger Moth	G3G4	--	NA	NA	T	S2S3	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Apamea inebriata	Drunk Apamea Moth	G3G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Peatlands Marshes & Wet Meadows
Apodrepanulatrix liberaria	New Jersey Tea Inchworm	G3	--	NA	NA	E	S1S2	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Callophrys hesseli	Hessel’s Hairstreak	G3G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Peatlands Forested Swamps
Callophrys irus	Frosted Elfin	G3	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Grasslands Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Callophrys lanoraieensis	Bog Elfin	G3G4	--	NA	NA	T	S1	Peatlands Forested Swamps
Catocala herodias formerly Catocala herodias gerhardi	Herodias Underwing	G3T3	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Catocala pretiosa pretiosa	Precious Underwing Moth	G4T2	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Shrub Swamps Forested Swamps
Chaetaglaea cerata	Waxed Sallow Moth	G3G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S1S3	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Cicinnus melsheimeri	Melsheimer’s Sack Bearer	G4	--	NA	NA	T	S2S3	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Cingilia catenaria	Chain Dot Geometer	G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Peatlands Shrub Swamps Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Cycnia collaris formerly Cycnia inopinatus	Collared Cycnia formerly Unexpected Cycnia	G4	--	NA	NA	T	S2	Grasslands
Dargida rubripennis	The Pink Streak	G3G4	--	NA	NA	T	S1S2	Grasslands
Eacles imperialis	Imperial Moth	G5	--	NA	NA	T	S1	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Erora laeta	Early Hairstreak	GU	--	NA	NA	T	S2	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest
Erynnis persius	Persius Duskywing	G5T1T3	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Grasslands Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Euchlaena madusaria	Scrub Euchlaena	G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Grasslands Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Euphyes dion	Dion Skipper	G4	--	NA	NA	T	S2	Marshes & Wet Meadows
Apantesis phyllira formerly Grammia phyllira	Phyllira Tiger Moth	G4	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Grasslands
Hemaris gracilis	Slender Clearwing Sphinx Moth	G3G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Peatlands Shrub Swamps Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/ Talus Slopes
Hemileuca maia	Buck Moth	G5	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Heterocampa varia	Sandplain Heterocampa	G3G4	--	NA	NA	T	S1S2	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Grasslands
Hypomecis buchholzaria	Buchholz’s Gray	G3G4	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Lithophane viridipallens	Pale Green Pinion Moth	G5	--	NA	NA	SC	S1S3	Shrub Swamps Forested Swamps
Lycia rachelae	Twilight Moth	G4G5	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Lycia ypsilon	Woolly Gray	G4	--	NA	NA	T	S1	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Metarranthis apiciaria	Barrens Metarranthis	G1G3	--	NA	NA	E	S1	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Metarranthis pilosaria	Heath Metarranthis	G3G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Peatlands Shrub Swamps
Neoligia semicana	Northern Brocade Moth	G2G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S1S2	Marshes & Wet Meadows Salt Marsh
Papaipema appassionata	Pitcher Plant Borer	G4	--	NA	NA	T	S2S3	Peatlands
Papaipema sp. 2	Ostrich Fern Borer	G3G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Riparian Forest
Papaipema stenocelis	Chain Fern Borer	G4	--	NA	NA	T	S2S3	Peatlands Shrub Swamps
Papaipema sulphurata	Water-willow Stem Borer	G2	--	NA	NA	T	S2	Lakes & Ponds Small Streams Shrub Swamps
Photedes inops	Cordgrass Borer	G3G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Marshes & Wet Meadows Salt Marsh
Pieris oleracea	Mustard White	G4G5	--	NA	NA	T	S2	Forested Swamps Marshes & Wet Meadows
Psectraglaea carnosa	Pink Sallow Moth	G3	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Ptichodis bistrigata	Southern Ptichodis	G3	--	NA	NA	T	S1S2	Grasslands Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Pyrrhia aurantiago	Orange Sallow Moth	G3G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S3	Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Speranza exonerata	Pine Barrens Speranza	G3G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Stenoporpia polygrammaria	Faded Gray Geometer	GU	--	NA	NA	T	S1	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Sympistis riparia	Dune Sympistis	G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Zale lunifera	Pine Barrens Zale	G3G4	--	NA	NA	SC	S2S3	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Zanclognatha martha	Pine Barrens Zanclognatha	G4	--	NA	NA	T	S2S3	Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest

Bees

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	Other Concerns/ Comments	SWAP Habitats
Anthophora walshii	Walsh’s Anthophora	GNR	--	NA	NA	--	SNR		Grasslands
Bombus affinis	Rusty-patched Bumble Bee	G1	--	NA	NA	--	SH
Bombus fervidus	Yellow Bumble Bee	G4?	--	NA	NA	--	SNR
Bombus pensylvanicus	American Bumble Bee	G3G4	--	NA	NA	--	SNR
Bombus terricola	Yellow-banded Bumble Bee	G2G4	--	NA	NA	--	SNR
Epeoloides pilosula	Macropis Cuckoo Bee	G1	--	NA	NA	--	SNR	Extremely rare parasite on Lysimachia specialist bees	Young Forests & Shrublands Marshes & Wet Meadows
Macropis ciliata	Ciliary Oil-collecting Bee	GNR	--	NA	NA	--	SNR		Grasslands
Macropis nuda	Naked Oil-collecting Bee	GNR	--	NA	NA	--	SNR		Grasslands
Macropis patellata	Patellar Oil-collecting Bee	GNR	--	NA	NA	--	SNR		Grasslands

Plants

Scientific Name	Common Name	Globally Rare	Federal List	RSGCN	NEPCoP	MESA	State Rank	Other Concerns/ Comments	SWAP Habitats
Actaea racemosa	Black Cohosh	G4	--	NA	IND	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Adlumia fungosa	Climbing Fumitory	G4	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Agalinis acuta	Sandplain Gerardia	G1	LE	NA	1	E	S1		Grasslands
Agastache scrophulariifolia	Purple Giant Hyssop	G4	--	NA	2	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest
Ageratina aromatica	Lesser Snakeroot	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Agrimonia parviflora	Small-flowered Agrimony	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Riparian Forest
Agrimonia pubescens	Hairy Agrimony	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Alnus viridis ssp. crispa	Mountain Alder	G5TNR	--	NA	--	SC	S2	Proposed to go from T to SC	Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Amaranthus pumilus	Seabeach Amaranth	G2	LT	NA	4	--	SH		Coastal Dunes, Beaches & Small Islands
Amelanchier bartramiana	Bartram's Shadbush	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Shrub Swamps
Amelanchier sanguinea	Roundleaf Shadbush	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Amphicarpum amphicarpon	Annual Peanutgrass	G4	--	NA	2	E	S1		Coastal Plain Ponds
Aplectrum hyemale	Putty-root	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Arabidopsis lyrata	Lyre-leaved Rock-cress	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Arceuthobium pusillum	Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Peatlands
Arethusa bulbosa	Arethusa	G4	--	NA	3(a)	T	S2		Peatlands
Arisaema dracontium	Green Dragon	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Riparian Forest
Aristida purpurascens	Purple Needlegrass	G5	--	NA	2(a)	T	S2		Grasslands Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Aristida tuberculosa	Seabeach Needlegrass	G5	--	NA	2	T	S2		Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Asclepias purpurascens	Purple Milkweed	G5?	--	NA	2	E	S1		Grasslands Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Asclepias verticillata	Whorled Milkweed	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Asplenium montanum	Mountain Spleenwort	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Asplenium ruta-muraria	Wall-rue Spleenwort	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Betula pumila	Swamp Birch	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Shrub Swamps Peatlands Marshes & Wet Meadows
Bidens eatonii	Eaton's Beggar-ticks	G3	--	NA	1	E	S1		Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems
Bidens hyperborea	Estuary Beggar-ticks	G4T2T4	--	NA	--	E	S1	The variety hyperborea is the taxon present in MA; this taxon is G4T2T4.	Riparian Forest Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Blephilia ciliata	Downy Wood-mint	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Blephilia hirsuta	Hairy Wood-mint	G5?	--	NA	2	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest
Boechera laevigata	Smooth Rock-cress	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S2		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Riparian Forest
Boechera missouriensis	Green Rock-cress	G5	--	NA	2(a)	T	S2		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Botrychium simplex	Least Moonwort	G5	--	NA	--	--	S1S2		Marshes and Wet Meadows
Botrychium tenebrosum	Swamp Moonwort	G5T4?Q	--	NA	IND.	--	S1S2		Forested Swamps
Calamagrostis pickeringii	Pickering’s Reedgrass	G4	--	NA	--	E	S1		Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Calamagrostis stricta ssp. inexpansa	New England Northern Reed Grass	G5T5	--	NA	2(a)	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Calystegia spithamaea	Upright Bindweed	G4G5	--	NA	2(a)	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Grasslands
Cardamine dentata	Fen Cuckoo-flower	G5T5	--	NA	2	T	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Cardamine douglassii	Purple Cress	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Forested Swamps Riparian Forest
Cardamine longii	Long's Bittercress	G3?	--	NA	1	E	S1		Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Carex alopecoidea	Foxtail Sedge	G5	--	NA	2	T	S2		Riparian Forest Marshes & Wet Meadows
Carex backii	Back's Sedge	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Carex baileyi	Bailey's Sedge	G4	--	NA	--	T	S2		Shrub Swamps Forested Swamps Marshes & Wet Meadows
Carex bushii	Bush's Sedge	G4	--	NA	2(a)	E	S1		Grasslands
Carex castanea	Chestnut-colored Sedge	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows Forested Swamps Young Forests & Shrublands Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest
Carex chordorrhiza	Creeping Sedge	G5	--	NA	3(b)	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Carex davisii	Davis' Sedge	G4	--	NA	2	E	S1		Riparian Forest
Carex exilis	Bog Sedge	G5	--	NA	--	--	S2S3	3 current occurrences in MA	Peatlands
Carex formosa	Handsome Sedge	G4	--	NA	--	T	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Forested Swamps Marshes & Wet Meadows
Carex glaucodea	Glaucescent Sedge	G5T5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Carex gracilescens	Slender Woodland Sedge	G5?	--	NA	2	E	SH		Upland Forest Marshes & Wet Meadows
Carex grayi	Gray's Sedge	G4	--	NA	--	T	S2		Riparian Forest
Carex hitchcockiana	Hitchcock's Sedge	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Carex lenticularis	Shore Sedge	G5	--	NA	--	T	S1		Large & Mid-sized Rivers Lakes & Ponds
Carex livida	Livid Sedge	G5	--	NA	2	E	SH		Peatlands
Carex lupuliformis	False Hop Sedge	G4	--	NA	--	E	S1		Vernal Pools
Carex mesochorea	Midland Sedge	G4G5	--	NA	IND	E	S1		Grasslands
Carex michauxiana	Michaux's Sedge	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows Peatlands
Carex mitchelliana	Mitchell's Sedge	G4	--	NA	2	T	S2		Salt Marsh
Carex oligocarpa	Rich Woods Sedge	G4	--	NA	2	T	S1?		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Carex oligosperma	Few-seeded Sedge	G5	--	NA	--	E	S2		Peatlands
Carex pauciflora	Few-flowered Sedge		--	NA	--	E	S1		Peatlands
Carex polymorpha	Variable Sedge	G3	--	NA	1	E	S2		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Grasslands
Carex schweinitzii	Schweinitz's Sedge	G3G4	--	NA	1	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Carex sterilis	Dioecious Sedge	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Carex striata	Walter's Sedge	G4G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Coastal Plain Ponds Peatlands
Carex tetanica	Fen Sedge	G4G5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Carex trichocarpa	Hairy-fruited Sedge	G4	--	NA	--	SC	S2		Riparian Forest Marshes & Wet Meadows
Carex tuckermanii	Tuckerman's Sedge	G4	--	NA	--	E	S1		Riparian Forest Vernal Pools
Carex typhina	Cat-tail Sedge	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Riparian Forest
Celastrus scandens	American Bittersweet	G5	--	NA	IND	T	S3		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Young Forests and Shrublands
Cerastium nutans	Nodding Chickweed	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Chamaelirium luteum	Devil's-bit	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Chenopodium foggii	Fogg's Goosefoot	G2G3	--	NA	1	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Claytonia virginica	Narrow-leaved Spring-beauty	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Riparian Forest
Clematis occidentalis	Purple Clematis	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S2		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Coeloglossum viride	Long-bracted Green Orchid	G5	--	NA	--	--	S3	Part of general pattern of significant decline in orchids in MA	Young Forests & Shrublands
Coleataenia longifolia ssp. longifolia	Long-leaved Panic-grass	G5T5?	--	NA	2	T	S2		Coastal Plain Ponds
Conioselinum chinense	Hemlock-parsley	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Corallorhiza odontorhiza	Autumn Coral-root	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Corema conradii	Broom Crowberry	G4	--	NA	--	--	S3		Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Grasslands
Coreopsis rosea	Rose Coreopsis	G3	--	NA	1	--	S3		Coastal Plain Ponds
Crassula aquatica	Shore Pygmy-weed	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Riparian Forest Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Crataegus bicknellii	Bicknell's Hawthorn	NA	--	NA	2	E	S1		Grasslands
Crepidomanes intricatum	Appalachian Bristle-fern	G4G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Crocanthemum dumosum	Bushy Rockrose	G3	--	NA	1	--	S3		Grasslands Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Cryptogramma stelleri	Fragile Rock-brake	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale	Northern Wild Comfrey	G5T4T5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Cyperus engelmannii	Engelmann's Flatsedge	NA	--	NA	--	T	S2		Lakes & Ponds
Cyperus houghtonii	Houghton's Flatsedge	G4?	--	NA	2(a)	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Grasslands
Cypripedium arietinum	Ram's Head Lady's-slipper	G3	--	NA	1	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Cypripedium parviflorum	Yellow Lady's-slipper	G5	--	NA	2/IND	E	S1	Includes all varieties found in MA; NEPCoP status is 2 for var. makasin, IND for var. parviflorum Currently, only var. makasin is listed; adding the other two varieties is proposed	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Forested Swamps
Cypripedium reginae	Showy Lady's-slipper	G4	--	NA	3(a)	E	S2		Forested Swamps Shrub Swamps Peatlands
Cystopteris laurentiana	Laurentian Bladderfern	G3	--	NA	1	--	S2S3		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. glauca	Tussock Hairgrass	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1	G-rank is for the species as a whole; no G-rank is available for ssp. glauca.	Marshes & Wet Meadows Riparian Forest
Desmodium cuspidatum	Large-bracted Tick-trefoil	G5	--	NA	2	T	S2		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Dichanthelium dichotomum ssp. mattamuskeetense	Mattamuskeet Panic-grass	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1	G-rank is for the species as a whole; no G-rank is available for ssp. mattamuskeetense.	Coastal Plain Ponds
Dichanthelium commonsianum formerly Dichanthelium ovale ssp. pseudopubescens	Commons' Rosette-grass formerly Commons’ Panic-grass	G5	--	NA	2	SC	S3	G-rank is for the species as a whole; no G-rank is available for ssp. pseudopubescens.	Grasslands Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest
Dichanthelium scabriusculum	Rough Rosette-grass formerly Rough Panic-grass	G4	--	NA	2	T	S1		Grassland
Dichanthelium wrightianum	Wright's Rosette-grass formerly Wright's Panic-grass	G4	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Coastal Plain Ponds
Doellingeria infirma	Cornel-leaved Aster	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Elatine americana	American Waterwort	G4	--	NA	2	E	S1		Large & Mid-sized Rivers Lakes & Ponds
Eleocharis diandra	Wright's Spike-sedge	G2	--	NA	1	E	S1		Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems
Eleocharis intermedia	Matted Spike-sedge	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Riparian Forests Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Eleocharis microcarpa var. filiculmis	Tiny-fruited Spike-sedge	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1	G-rank is for the species as a whole; no G-rank is available for var. filiculmis.	Coastal Plain Ponds Grasslands
Eleocharis ovata	Ovate Spike-sedge	G5	--	NA	IND	E	S1		Large & Mid-sized Rivers Lakes & Ponds
Eleocharis quinqueflora	Few-flowered Spike-sedge	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Eleocharis tricostata	Three-angled Spike-sedge	G4	--	NA	2	E	S1		Coastal Plain Ponds
Elymus villosus	Hairy Wild Rye	G5	--	NA	IND	E	S1		Riparian Forest
Equisetum scirpoides	Dwarf Scouring-rush	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Riparian Forest
Eragrostis frankii	Frank's Lovegrass	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Riparian Forest Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Eriocaulon parkeri	Parker's Pipewort	G3	--	NA	1	E	S1		Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Eriophorum gracile	Slender Cotton-grass	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2	Common name will be proposed to change; current name is Slender Cottongrass	Peatlands
Eupatorium novae-angliae	New England Boneset	G5T1	--	NA	1	E	S1		Coastal Plain Ponds
Galearis spectabilis	Showy Orchid	G5	--	NA	--	--	S2S3	Part of general pattern of significant decline in orchids in MA; 7 current occurrences	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Galium boreale	Northern Bedstraw	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Galium labradoricum	Labrador Bedstraw	G5	--	NA	3(b)	T	S2		Peatlands Marshes & Wet Meadows Shrub Swamps
Gamochaeta purpurea	Purple Cudweed	G5	--	NA	4	E	S1		Grasslands
Gentiana andrewsii	Andrews' Bottle Gentian	G5?	--	NA	2	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows Riparian Forest
Gentiana linearis	Narrow-leaved Gentian	G4G5	--	NA	--	--	S2?	8 current occurrences in MA	Peatlands Riparian Forests Marshes & Wet Meadows Grasslands
Geum fragarioides	Barren Strawberry	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Goodyera repens	Dwarf Rattlesnake-plantain	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Halenia deflexa	Spurred Gentian	G5	--	NA	--	E	SH		Riparian Forest
Houstonia longifolia	Long-leaved Bluet	G4G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Huperzia appressa	Appalachian Firmoss	G5	--	NA	IND	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Huperzia selago	Mountain Firmoss	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Hydrastis canadensis	Golden Seal	G3G4	--	NA	2	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Hydrocotyle verticillata	Saltpond Pennywort	G5	--	NA	2	T	S2		Salt Marsh
Hydrophyllum canadense	Broad Waterleaf	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Hypericum adpressum	Creeping St. John's-wort	G3	--	NA	1	T	S2		Coastal Plain Ponds
Hypericum ascyron	Giant St. John's-wort	G4	--	NA	--	E	S1		Large & Mid-sized Rivers Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems
Hypericum stragulum	St. Andrew's Cross	G5T4	--	NA	2	E	S1		Grasslands
Ilex montana	Big-leaved Holly	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest
Isoetes acadiensis	Acadian Quillwort	G3Q	--	NA	1	E	S1		Coastal Plain Ponds
Isoetes lacustris	Lake Quillwort	G5	--	NA	3(b)	E	S1		Coastal Plain Ponds
Isotria medeoloides	Small Whorled Pogonia	G2?	LT	NA	1	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Juncus debilis	Weak Rush	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Coastal Plain Ponds Peatlands Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Juncus filiformis	Thread Rush	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Peatlands Marshes & Wet Meadows Lakes & Ponds
Lachnanthes caroliniana	Redroot	G4	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Coastal Plain Ponds
Lathyrus palustris	Marsh-pea	G5	--	NA	--	--	SNR	2 current occurrences in MA	Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Marshes & Wet Meadows Grasslands
Lechea pulchella var. moniliformis	Beaded Pinweed	G5T4	--	NA	--	E	S1		Grasslands
Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis	Saltpond Grass	G5T5	--	NA	2	T	S1		Salt Marsh
Leymus mollis ssp. mollis	Sea Lyme-grass	G5T5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Liatris novae-angliae	New England Blazing Star	G5?T3	--	NA	1	SC	S3		Grasslands Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Linnaea borealis ssp. americana	American Twinflower	G5T5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Forested Swamps Peatlands
Linum intercursum	Sandplain Flax	G4	--	NA	--	--	S3		Grasslands
Linum medium var. texanum	Stiff Yellow Flax	G5T5	--	NA	2	T	S1		Grasslands
Liparis liliifolia	Lily-leaf Twayblade	G5	--	NA	2	T	S2		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Liparis loeselii	Loesel’s Twayblade	G5	--	NA	--	--	SNR	Part of general pattern of significant decline in orchids in MA	Peatlands Marshes & Wet Meadows Lakes & Ponds
Lipocarpha micrantha	Dwarf Bulrush	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Coastal Plain Ponds Lakes & Ponds
Lobelia siphilitica	Great Blue Lobelia	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Riparian Forest Marshes & Wet Meadows
Lonicera hirsuta	Hairy Honeysuckle	G4G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Ludwigia polycarpa	Many-fruited Seedbox	G4	--	NA	2	E	S1		Riparian Forest
Ludwigia sphaerocarpa	Round-fruited Seedbox	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Coastal Plain Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers Lakes & Ponds
Lupinus perennis	Wild Lupine	G5	--	NA	3(a)	--	S3S4	Rapid decline, due to woody succession and fire suppression	Grasslands Young Forests & Shrublands
Luzula parviflora ssp. melanocarpa	Black-fruited Woodrush	G5T5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Lycopodiella alopecuroides	Foxtail Clubmoss	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Peatlands
Lycopus rubellus	Taper-leaf Water-horehound	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1S2		Forested Swamps Small Streams
Lygodium palmatum	Climbing Fern	G4	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Forested Swamps Shrub Swamps Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Magnolia virginiana	Sweet Bay	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Forested Swamps
Malaxis bayardii	Bayard's Adder's-mouth	G1G2	--	NA	1	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine-Oak Upland Forest Grasslands
Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda	White Adder's-mouth	G4Q	--	NA	2(a)	E	S1		Forested Swamps Peatlands
Malaxis unifolia	Green Adder’s Mouth	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2?		Forested Swamps Marshes & Wet Meadows
Mertensia maritima	Oysterleaf	G5	--	NA	3(b)	E	S1		Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Milium effusum	Woodland Millet	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Mimulus alatus	Winged Monkey-flower	G5	--	NA	2(a)	E	S1		Riparian Forest Marshes & Wet Meadows
Mimulus moschatus	Muskflower	G5	--	NA	2	T	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows Riparian Forest
Minuartia michauxii	Michaux's Sandwort	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Moehringia macrophylla	Large-leaved Sandwort	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest
Moneses uniflora	One-flowered Pyrola	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S2S3		Shrub Swamps Forested Swamps
Morus rubra	Red Mulberry	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Myriophyllum alterniflorum	Slender Water-milfoil	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Lakes & Ponds
Myriophyllum farwellii	Farwell's Water-milfoil	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Lakes & Ponds
Myriophyllum pinnatum	Pinnate Water-milfoil	G5	--	NA	2	SC	S2		Lakes & Ponds
Myriophyllum verticillatum	Whorled Water-milfoil	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Lakes & Ponds
Nabalus serpentarius	Lion's Foot	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Grasslands Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Neottia bifolia	Southern Twayblade	G4	--	NA	2	T	S1		Peatlands Forested Swamps
Neottia cordata	Heartleaf Twayblade	G5	--	NA	3(b)	E	S1		Peatlands
Nuphar microphylla	Tiny Cow-lily	G5T4T5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Oligoneuron album	Upland White Aster	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Ophioglossum pusillum	Adder's Tongue Fern	G5	--	NA	3(a)	T	S2		Marshes & Wet Meadows Peatlands
Opuntia humifusa	Eastern Prickly Pear	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Orontium aquaticum	Golden Club	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Lakes & Ponds Peatlands
Orthilia secunda	One-sided Wintergreen	G5	--	NA	--	--	SNR	Substantial decline; possibly only 2 current occurrences in MA	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Forested Swamps
Oxalis violacea	Violet Wood-sorrel	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Panax quinquefolius	American Ginseng	G3G4	--	NA	1	SC	S3		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Panicum philadelphicum ssp. gattingeri	Gattinger's Panic-grass	G4	--	NA	IND	SC	S2		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Grasslands
Panicum philadelphicum ssp. philadelphicum	Philadelphia Panic-grass	G4	--	NA	--	SC	S3	G-rank is for Panicum gattingeri; the G-rank for the taxon P. philadelphicum ssp. philadelphicum has not been determined.	Coastal Plain Ponds
Paronychia argyrocoma	Silverling	G4	--	NA	2(a)	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems
Pedicularis lanceolata	Swamp Lousewort	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows Shrub Swamps
Penstemon hirsutus	Hairy Beard-tongue	G4	--	NA	--	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Persicaria puritanorum	Pondshore Smartweed	NA	--	NA	2	SC	S3		Coastal Plain Ponds
Persicaria setacea	Swamp Smartweed	G5	--	NA	2	T	S2		Coastal Plain Ponds
Petasites frigidus var. palmatus	Sweet Coltsfoot	G5T5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Forested Swamps
Platanthera aquilonis	North Wind Orchid	G5	--	NA	--	--	SNR	Part of general pattern of significant decline in orchids in MA	Peatlands Marshes & Wet Meadows Forested Swamps
Platanthera cristata	Crested Fringed Orchid	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Platanthera dilatata	Leafy White Orchid	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Marshes & Wet Meadows Peatlands
Platanthera flava var. herbiola	Pale Green Orchid	G4?T4Q	--	NA	--	T	S2		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Platanthera hookeri	Hooker’s Orchid	G4	--	NA	--	--	S2?	Part of general pattern of significant decline in orchids in MA 3 current occurrences	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Platanthera huronensis	Northern Green Orchid	G5T5?	--	NA	IND	--	S2?	Part of general pattern of significant decline in orchids in MA Synonym: Platanthera hyperborea var. huronensis	Peatlands Marshes & Wet Meadows Riparian Forests
Platanthera macrophylla	Large Round-leaved Orchid	G5T4	--	NA	--	--	S2?	Part of general pattern of significant decline in orchids in MA 4 current occurrences Synonym: Platanthera orbiculata var. macrophylla	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Forested Swamps
Platanthera orbiculata	Round-leaved Orchid	G5	--	NA	--	--	S1S2	Part of general pattern of significant decline in orchids in MA 5 current occurrences	Peatlands Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Forested Swamps Marshes & Wet Meadows
Poa saltuensis ssp. languida	Drooping Speargrass	G5	--	NA	2	E	S2	G-rank is for the species as a whole; no G-rank is available for ssp. languida.	Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Polygonum glaucum	Sea-beach Knotweed	G3	--	NA	1	SC	S3		Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Polystichum braunii	Braun's Holly-fern	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest
Populus heterophylla	Swamp Cottonwood	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Forested Swamps Vernal Pools
Potamogeton confervoides	Tuckerman’s Pondweed	G4	--	NA	--	T	S2		Lakes & Ponds Peatlands
Potamogeton friesii	Fries' Pondweed	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Lakes & Ponds
Potamogeton gemmiparus	Budding Pondweed	G5T3	--	NA	1	--	S2?		Lakes & Ponds Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Potamogeton hillii	Hill's Pondweed	G3	--	NA	1	SC	S3		Lakes & Ponds
Potamogeton ogdenii	Ogden's Pondweed	G1G2	--	NA	1	E	S1		Lakes & Ponds
Potamogeton strictifolius	Straight-leaved Pondweed	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Lakes & Ponds
Potamogeton vaseyi	Vasey's Pondweed	G4	--	NA	--	E	S1		Lakes & Ponds
Prunus pumila var. depressa	Sandbar Cherry	G5T5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Pyrola asarifolia ssp. asarifolia	Pink Pyrola	G5T5	--	NA	--	E	SH		Peatlands Forested Swamps
Quercus macrocarpa	Bur Oak	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Forested Swamps
Quercus muehlenbergii	Yellow Oak	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Ranunculus micranthus	Small-flowered Buttercup	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Ranunculus pensylvanicus	Bristly Buttercup	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S2		Riparian Forest
Rhexia mariana	Maryland Meadow Beauty	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Coastal Plain Ponds
Rhododendron maximum	Great Laurel	G5	--	NA	--	T	S1S2		Forested Swamps Peatlands
Rhynchospora capillacea	Capillary Beak-sedge	G4	--	NA	2	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Rhynchospora inundata	Inundated Horned-sedge	G4?	--	NA	2	T	S2		Coastal Plain Ponds
Rhynchospora nitens	Short-beaked Bald-sedge	G4?	--	NA	2	T	S2		Coastal Plain Ponds
Rhynchospora scirpoides	Long-beaked Bald-sedge	G4	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Coastal Plain Ponds
Rhynchospora torreyana	Torrey's Beak-sedge	G4	--	NA	2	E	S1		Coastal Plain Ponds
Ribes lacustre	Bristly Black Currant	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi	Northern Prickly Rose	G5T5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Rotala ramosior	Toothcup	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Coastal Plain Ponds Lakes & Ponds
Rumex pallidus	Seabeach Dock	G4	--	NA	--	T	S2		Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Rumex verticillatus	Swamp Dock	G5	--	NA	--	T	S1S2		Forested Swamps Riparian Forest Shrub Swamps
Sabatia campanulata	Slender Marsh Pink	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Coastal Plain Ponds
Sabatia kennedyana	Plymouth Gentian	G3	--	NA	1	SC	S3		Coastal Plain Ponds
Sabatia stellaris	Sea Pink	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Coastal Plain Ponds
Sagittaria cuneata	Wapato	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Riparian Forest Large & Mid-sized Rivers
Sagittaria montevidensis ssp. spongiosa	Estuary Arrowhead	G5T4	--	NA	--	E	S1		Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems
Sagittaria teres	Terete Arrowhead	G3	--	NA	1	SC	S3		Coastal Plain Ponds
Salix exigua ssp. interior	Sandbar Willow	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems
Sanicula canadensis	Canadian Sanicle	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Forested Swamps
Sanicula odorata	Clustered Sanicle	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Riparian Forest
Scheuchzeria palustris	Pod-grass	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Peatlands
Scirpus ancistrochaetus	Northeastern Bulrush	G3	LE	NA	1	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Scirpus longii	Long's Bulrush	G2G3	--	NA	1	T	S2		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Scleria pauciflora	Papillose Nut-sedge	G5	--	NA	2	E	S2		Grasslands
Scleria triglomerata	Tall Nut-sedge	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Grasslands
Sclerolepis uniflora	One-flower Sclerolepis	G4	--	NA	2	E	S1		Lakes & Ponds
Senna hebecarpa	Wild Senna	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Grasslands
Setaria parviflora	Bristly Foxtail	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Salt Marsh Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Silene caroliniana ssp. pensylvanica	Wild Pink	G5T4T5	--	NA	--	--	S2S3	5 current occurrences in MA	Grasslands Young Forests & Shrublands Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Sisyrinchium fuscatum	Sandplain Blue-eyed Grass	G5?	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Grasslands
Sisyrinchium mucronatum	Slender Blue-eyed Grass	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Solidago macrophylla	Large-leaved Goldenrod	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S2	Proposed to go from T to SC on the MESA list	Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Solidago simplex ssp. randii var. monticola	Rand's Goldenrod	G5TNR	--	NA	3(b)	E	S1		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Sorbus decora	Northern Mountain-ash	G4G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Sparganium natans	Small Bur-reed	G5	--	NA	3(b)	E	S1		Lakes & Ponds
Spartina cynosuroides	Salt Reedgrass	G5	--	NA	2	T	S2		Salt Marsh
Sphenopholis nitida	Shining Wedgegrass	G5	--	NA	2(a)	T	S2		Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Sphenopholis pensylvanica	Swamp Oats	G4	--	NA	2	T	S1S2		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Spiranthes romanzoffiana	Hooded Ladies'-tresses	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Spiranthes vernalis	Grass-leaved Ladies'-tresses	G5	--	NA	--	T	S2		Grasslands
Sporobolus neglectus	Small Dropseed	G5	--	NA	2	E	S2		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Suaeda calceoliformis	American Sea-blite	G5	--	NA	2	SC	S2S3		Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Suaeda maritima ssp. richii	Rich’s Sea-blite	G5T3	--	NA	1	--	S2S3		Salt Marsh Coastal Dunes/Beaches/Small Islands
Symphoricarpos albus var. albus	Snowberry	G5T5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Symphyotrichum concolor	Eastern Silvery Aster	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Grasslands
Symphyotrichum praealtum	Willow Aster	G5	--	NA	2	--	S1	Recently rediscovered in MA; 1 current occurrence	Grasslands Marshes & Wet Meadows
Symphyotrichum prenanthoides	Crooked-stem Aster	G4G5	--	NA	2	SC	S2		Riparian Forest Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Symphyotrichum tradescantii	Tradescant's Aster	G4Q	--	NA	--	T	S2		Connecticut & Merrimack Mainstems
Thuja occidentalis	Arborvitae	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Forested Swamps
Tipularia discolor	Cranefly Orchid	G4G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Central Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Trichostema brachiatum	False Pennyroyal	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Triosteum perfoliatum	Broad Tinker's-weed	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Grasslands
Triphora trianthophoros	Nodding Pogonia	G3G4	--	NA	--	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest
Tripsacum dactyloides	Northern Gama-grass	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Salt Marsh
Trisetum spicatum	Narrow False Oats	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Utricularia resupinata	Resupinate Bladderwort	G4	--	NA	--	T	S2		Lakes & Ponds
Utricularia subulata	Slender Bladderwort	G5	--	NA	2	SC	S3		Coastal Plain Ponds
Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus	Mountain Cranberry	G5T5	--	NA	3(b)	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Verbena simplex	Narrow-leaved Vervain	G5	--	NA	2	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Veronica catenata	Sessile Water-speedwell	NA	--	NA	2	E	S1		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Veronicastrum virginicum	Culver's-root	G4	--	NA	IND	T	S2		Marshes & Wet Meadows
Viburnum rafinesquianum	Downy Arrowwood	G5	--	NA	--	E	S1		Northern Hardwoods-Spruce-Fir Upland Forest Transitional Hardwoods-White Pine Upland Forest Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes
Viola adunca	Sand Violet	G5	--	NA	--	SC	S3		Grasslands
Viola brittoniana	Britton's Violet	G4G5	--	NA	1/2	T	S1	Includes Viola pectinata; NEPCoP status for V. brittoniana is 2; status for V. pectinata is 1.	Marshes & Wet Meadows Riparian Forest
Woodsia glabella	Smooth Woodsia	G5	--	NA	2(a)	E	S1		Rock Cliffs/Ridgetops/Talus Slopes

Abbreviations

Global Rank: These are the conservation status ranks as defined by NatureServe (NatureServe 2014). Ranks considered globally rare (G1 through G3G4) are in bold in the table above.

Basic Ranks

Rank	Definition
GX	Presumed Extinct (species)—Not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of rediscovery. Eliminated (ecological communities)—Eliminated throughout its range, with no restoration potential due to extinction of dominant or characteristic species.
GH	Possibly Extinct (species)—Missing; known from only historical occurrences but still some hope of rediscovery. Presumed Eliminated—(Historic, ecological communities) - Presumed eliminated throughout its range, with no or virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered, but with the potential for restoration, for example, American Chestnut (Forest).
G1	Critically Imperiled—At very high risk of extinction due to extreme rarity (often 5 or fewer populations), very steep declines, or other factors.
G2	Imperiled—At high risk of extinction due to very restricted range, very few populations (often 20 or fewer), steep declines, or other factors.
G3	Vulnerable—At moderate risk of extinction due to a restricted range, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other factors.
G4	Apparently Secure—Uncommon but not rare; some cause for long-term concern due to declines or other factors.
G5	Secure—Common; widespread and abundant.

Variant Ranks

Rank	Definition
G#G#	Range Rank—A numeric range rank (e.g., G2G3) is used to indicate the range of uncertainty in the status of a species or community. Ranges cannot skip more than one rank (e.g., GU should be used rather than G1G4).
GU	Unrankable—Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends. Whenever possible, the most likely rank is assigned and the question mark qualifier is added (e.g., G2?) to express uncertainty, or a range rank (e.g., G2G3) is used to delineate the limits (range) of uncertainty.
GNR	Unranked—Global rank not yet assessed.
GNA	Not Applicable—A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities.

Rank Qualifiers

Rank	Definition
?	Inexact Numeric Rank—Denotes inexact numeric rank (e.g., G2?)
Q	Questionable taxonomy—Taxonomic distinctiveness of this entity at the current level is questionable; resolution of this uncertainty may result in change from a species to a subspecies or hybrid, or the inclusion of this taxon in another taxon, with the resulting taxon having a lower-priority conservation priority.
C	Captive or Cultivated Only—At present extant only in captivity or cultivation, or as a reintroduced population not yet established.

Infraspecific Taxon Conservation Status Ranks
Infraspecific taxa refer to subspecies, varieties and other designations below the level of the species. Infraspecific taxon status ranks (T-ranks) apply to plants and animal species only; these T-ranks do not apply to ecological communities.

Rank	Definition
T#	Infraspecific Taxon (trinomial)—The status of infraspecific taxa (subspecies or varieties) are indicated by a "T-rank" following the species' global rank. Rules for assigning T-ranks follow the same principles outlined above for global conservation status ranks. For example, the global rank of a critically imperiled subspecies of an otherwise widespread and common species would be G5T1. A T-rank cannot imply the subspecies or variety is more abundant than the species as a whole-for example, a G1T2 cannot occur. A vertebrate animal population, such as those listed as distinct population segments under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, may be considered an infraspecific taxon and assigned a T-rank; in such cases a Q is used after the T-rank to denote the taxon's informal taxonomic status.

Rank

Definition

Infraspecific Taxon (trinomial)—The status of infraspecific taxa (subspecies or varieties) are indicated by a "T-rank" following the species' global rank. Rules for assigning T-ranks follow the same principles outlined above for global conservation status ranks. For example, the global rank of a critically imperiled subspecies of an otherwise widespread and common species would be G5T1. A T-rank cannot imply the subspecies or variety is more abundant than the species as a whole-for example, a G1T2 cannot occur. A vertebrate animal population, such as those listed as distinct population segments under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, may be considered an infraspecific taxon and assigned a T-rank; in such cases a Q is used after the T-rank to denote the taxon's informal taxonomic status.

Federal List: Legal status under the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973.

LE: endangered. A species "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
LT: threatened. A species "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range."

RSGCN: Species on the regional list of Species of Greatest Conservation Need (Terwilliger Consulting, Inc., and the Northeast Fish and Wildlife Diversity Technical Committee, 2013).

NEPCoP: Status in the 2013 New England Flora Conservanda (Brumback and Gerke 2013). The numbers refer to the divisions designated in the Flora Conservanda.

Division 1: Globally rare taxa occurring in New England.
Division 2: Regionally rare taxa. Generally, these taxa have 20 or fewer current occurrences in the region. Some Division 2 taxa may have more than 20 occurrences, but they are included because they are “vulnerable to extirpation due to other important factors (population size and trends, area of occupancy, overall viability, geographic distribution, habitat rarity and integrity, and/or degree of protection).” Taxa in this last category are labeled 2(a).
Division 3: Locally rare taxa. “These taxa may be declining in a significant part of their range in New England, or may have one or more occurrences of biological, ecological, or possible genetic significance. Division 3(a) are those taxa that have documented decline in a substantial portion of their range in New England, e.g. southern New England…. Division 3(b) taxa are those that, based on their biology and geography within New England, have populations that are disjunct to such a degree that genetic isolation is suspected….For Division 3(b), only selected occurrences in a particular state are of conservation concern for the purposes of the Flora Conservanda list, not all occurrences of the taxon throughout New England.” Only when a 3(a) or 3(b) status applies to Massachusetts is it listed in this column.
Division 4: Historical taxa. Not observed in New England in the past 20 to 25 years.
Division Indeterminate (IND): Indeterminate taxa. These taxa are under review; their regional status is not yet determined.

MESA: Legal status under the Massachusetts Endangered Species Act (MGL c. 131A).

E: Endangered
T: Threatened
SC: Special Concern

State Rank: These are the conservation status ranks as defined by NatureServe (NatureServe, 2014). Ranks considered rare (S1 through S3S4) are in bold in the table above.

Subnational (S) Conservation Status Ranks

Status	Definition
SX	Presumed Extirpated—Species or community is believed to be extirpated from the state/province. Not located despite intensive searches of historical sites and other appropriate habitat, and virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered.
SH	Possibly Extirpated (Historical)—Species or community occurred historically in the state/province, and there is some possibility that it may be rediscovered. Its presence may not have been verified in the past 20-40 years. A species or community could become SH without such a 20-40 year delay if the only known occurrences in a state/province were destroyed or if it had been extensively and unsuccessfully looked for. The SH rank is reserved for species or communities for which some effort has been made to relocate occurrences, rather than simply using this status for all elements not known from verified extant occurrences.
S1	Critically Imperiled—Critically imperiled in the state/province because of extreme rarity (often 5 or fewer occurrences) or because of some factor(s) such as very steep declines making it especially vulnerable to extirpation from the state/province.
S2	Imperiled—Imperiled in the state/province because of rarity due to very restricted range, very few populations (often 20 or fewer), steep declines, or other factors making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the state/province.
S3	Vulnerable—Vulnerable in the state/province due to a restricted range, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation.
S4	Apparently Secure—Uncommon but not rare; some cause for long-term concern due to declines or other factors.
S5	Secure—Common, widespread, and abundant in the state/province.
SNR	Unranked—State/province conservation status not yet assessed.
SU	Unrankable—Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends.
SNA	Not Applicable —A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities.
S#S#	Range Rank —A numeric range rank (e.g., S2S3) is used to indicate any range of uncertainty

Other Concerns/Comments:
- The RSGCN ranks – low, moderate, high, very high – for regional responsibility and regional concern are derived from Terwilliger Consulting and Northeast Fish and Wildlife Diversity Technical Committee, 2013. These ranks are only available for vertebrates, freshwater mussels, tiger beetles, and federally listed invertebrates.
- Birds: These notes refer to selected information from the Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas, the Breeding Bird Surveys, and various bird conservation plans, where the information influenced the decision to list a species as a SGCN.
- Synonyms: Recently or commonly used scientific name synonyms are listed here. If the SGCN is listed under MESA, the names used on the MESA list are given precedence.
- Other notes are given if relevant to selection as a SGCN.

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