Section 3-1003
(a)
Unless prohibited by order of the court and except for estates being administered in supervised administration proceedings, a personal representative may close an estate by filing with the court no earlier than 6 months after the date of original appointment of a general personal representative for the estate, a verified statement stating that the personal representatives or a previous personal representative, has:
- (1) determined that the time limited for presentation of creditors' claims has expired;
- (2) fully administered the estate of the decedent by making payment, settlement, or other disposition of all claims that were presented, expenses of administration and estate, inheritance and other death taxes, except as specified in the statement, and that the assets of the estate have been distributed to the persons entitled. If any claims remain undischarged, the statement shall state whether the personal representative has distributed the estate subject to possible liability with the agreement of the distributees or state in detail other arrangements that have been made to accommodate outstanding liabilities; and
- (3) sent a copy of the statement to all distributees of the estate and to all creditors or other claimants of whom the personal representative is aware whose claims are neither paid nor barred and has furnished a full account in writing of the personal representative's administration to the distributees whose interests are affected thereby.
(b)
If no proceedings involving the personal representative are pending in the court 1 year after the closing statement is filed, the personal representative's closing statement may not be challenged, except for fraud or manifest error.
Comment
The Code uses “termination” to refer to events which end a personal representative's authority. See Sections 3-608, et seq. The word “closing” refers to circumstances which support the conclusions that the affairs of the estate either are, or have been alleged to have been, wound up. If the affairs of the personal representative are reviewed and adjudicated under either Sections 3-1001 or 3-1002, the judicial conclusion that the estate is wound up serves also to terminate the personal representative's authority. See Section 3-610(b). On the other hand, a “closing” statement under 3-1003 is only an affirmation by the personal representative that he believes the affairs of the estate to be completed. The statement is significant because it reflects that assets have been distributed. Any creditor whose claim has not been barred and who has not been paid is permitted by Section 3-1004 to assert his claim against distributees. The personal representative is also still fully subject to suit under Sections 3-602 and 3-608, for his authority is not “terminated” under Section 3-610(a) until one year after a closing statement is filed. Even if his authority is “terminated,” he remains liable to suit unless protected by limitation or unless an adjudication settling his accounts is the reason for “termination”. See Sections 3-1005 and 3-608.
From a slightly different viewpoint, a personal representative may obtain a complete discharge of his fiduciary obligations through a judicial proceeding after notice. Sections 3-1001 and 3-1002 describe two proceedings which enable a personal representative to gain protection from all persons or from devisees only. A personal representative who neither obtains a judicial order of protection nor files a closing statement, is protected by 3-703 in regard to acts or distributions which were authorized when done but which become doubtful thereafter because of a change in testacy status. On the other questions, the personal representative who does not take any of the steps described by the Code to gain more protection, has no protection against later claims of breach of his fiduciary obligation other than any arising from consent or waiver of individual distributees who may have bound themselves by receipts given to the personal representative.
This section increases the prospects of full discharge of a personal representative who uses the closing statement route over those of a personal representative who relies on receipts. Full protection follows from the running of the six months limitations period described in 3-1005. But, 3-1005's protection does not prevent distributees from claiming lack of full disclosure. Hence, it offers little more protection than a receipt. Still, it may be useful to decrease the likelihood of later claim of non-disclosure. Its more significant function, however, is to provide a means for terminating the office of personal representative in a way that will be obvious to third persons.