Injury and Exposure to Violence

Due to structural racism and social policies that perpetuate inequality, violence disproportionately affects some communities and leads to outcomes that results in higher rates of school bullying, homicides, and firearm death rates.

Violence disproportionately affects communities that have a history of experiencing structural racism and facing social policies that perpetuate inequality such as discriminatory housing and lending policies, environmental policy and disenfranchisement.

Additional Information and Footnotes

Hispanic is used to reflect current data collection practices. We acknowledge this may not be the preferred term. Throughout this report, NH refers to Non-Hispanic. People of color refers to individuals identifying as Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Hispanic, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and Other. Unless otherwise noted, adults are ages 18+. Data are most recently available for the specified data source.

¹ Baron SL, Beard S, Davis LK, et al. Promoting integrated approaches to reducing health inequities among low-income workers: applying a social ecological framework. AM J Ind Med. 2014. May; 57(5):539-556

² Orrenius PM, Zavodny M. Do immigrants work in riskier jobs? Demography. 2009 Aug; 46(3):535-551.

3 Health of Massachusetts. Department of Public Health. https://www.mass.gov/info-details/2017-state-health-assessment 

⁴ Krieger N. Workers are people too: societal aspects of occupational health disparities - an ecosocial perspective. Am J Ind Med. 2010 Feb; 53(2):104-115.

⁵ Davis L. Health Equity: Work Matters. Oral plenary presentation at: Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) Annual Conference; June, 2018; West Palm Beach, FL.

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