Massachusetts constitution
Article 26 of the Massachusetts Constitution Declaration of Rights as amended in 1982 by Article 116 of the Amendments to the Massachusetts Constitution addresses cruel or unusual punishment and capital punishment:
“No magistrate or court of law, shall demand excessive bail or sureties, impose excessive fines, or inflict cruel or unusual punishments. No provision of the Constitution, however, shall be construed as prohibiting the imposition of the punishment of death. The general court may, for the purpose of protecting the general welfare of the citizens, authorize the imposition of the punishment of death by the courts of law having jurisdiction of crimes subject to the punishment of death.”
Massachusetts laws
MGL c. 265, § 2 no longer provides for capital punishment (St. 2014, c. 189)
Federal constitution
United States Constitution, Eighth Amendment
“Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.”
Federal laws
Federal Death Penalty Act, 18 U.S.C. §§ 3591-3599:
The Act sets out how the federal courts make formal judgments, review cases, and impose death sentences.
Selected cases
Federal cases
For more cases, see Justia's page on Death Penalty & Criminal Sentencing Supreme Court Cases.
Baze v. Rees, 553 U.S. 35 (2008)
Supreme Court held that a three-drug execution protocol (sodium thiopental, followed by pancuronium bromide and potassium chloride) does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment.
Bucklew v. Precythe, 587 U.S. 119 (2019)
Supreme Court affirmed the Baze-Glossip test to find that that an execution protocol could violate the Eighth Amendment only if an inmate first identified a “feasible, readily implemented” alternative procedure that would “significantly reduce a substantial risk of severe pain.” It held that a single-drug execution protocol (pentobarbital) does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment.
Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972)
The Supreme Court held that the death-penalty procedures of the state of Georgia violated the Eighth Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishments. The ruling effectively nullified all existing death sentences and halted all executions for a four-year period.
Glossip v. Gross, 576 U.S. 863 (2015)
Supreme Court held that a three-drug execution protocol using midazolam instead of sodium thiopental for the first-administered drug does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment.
United States v. Tsarnaev, 595 U.S. 302 (2022)
Supreme Court held that the District Court properly limited the admission of mitigating evidence under § 3593 (c) of the Federal Death Penalty Act because the evidence lacked probative value and would confuse the jury. The District Court was correct in limiting the evidence about the involvement of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev’s brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, in 2011 murders in Waltham.
Massachusetts cases
Com. v. Colon-Cruz, 393 Mass. 150 (1984)
Capital punishment is ruled unconstitutional on the grounds that it is not applied fairly, since only defendants who went to trial were eligible, excluding defendants who plead guilty. This ruling applies to punishment in state, not federal, courts.
Suffolk County District Attorney v. Watson, 381 Mass. 648 (1980)
Held that a prior version of MGL c. 265, § 2, was unconstitutional. The case is worth a read for the careful analysis of the issue, with references to literature, history, philosophy and more. In their opinions, the Justices quote Francis Bacon, Aristotle, Dostoevsky, Kant, Shakespeare, Milton, Sartre, and Camus.
Web sources
Capital punishment, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
A collection of statistical publications on the topic of capital punishment in the United States, including:
- Capital punishment, 2021 – statistical tables (2023)
- Prisoners executed: 1977-2022 (2023)
Death penalty doctrine and practice, Congressional Research Service’s U.S. Constitution Annotated, available from Cornell Law School’s Legal Information Institute, updated to the currently published version.
Information about early doctrine, important federal cases, and various limitations on imposition of the death penalty.
Death Penalty Information Center
Web site devoted to information on the death penalty nationwide.
The Eighth Amendment, the death penalty, and the Supreme Court by Andrew Cohen and Carol Steiker, Brennan Center for Justice, February 22, 2022.
A legal scholar explains the history of the Supreme Court’s death sentence jurisprudence and ponders its future.
The end of the death penalty? ‘Unintended consequences’ and the legacy of Furman v. Georgia by Elaine McArdle, Feb 14, 2023.
“Furman was neither a tremendous success nor a terrible failure but a complicated story of unintended consequences and echoes of Furman continue to this day to have tremendous impact,” [quoting Carol Steiker].
Governor's Council on Capital Punishment: Final report, Governor's Office, May 3, 2004
Recommendations to former Gov. Romney "to ensure that any death penalty statute that may be considered in Massachusetts would be as narrow, and as foolproof, as possible."
Print sources
Death penalty in a nutshell, 5th ed., by Victor Streib, West Academic Pub., 2017.
Murder and the death penalty in Massachusetts, by Alan Rogers, University of Massachusetts Press, 2008.
Understanding capital punishment law, 4th ed., by Linda E. Carter, Carolina Academic Press, 2018.
Contact for Massachusetts law about the death penalty
Online
Last updated: | November 1, 2024 |
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